ABSTRACT

This study examines completed, attempted, failed, and foiled mass shooting outcomes in the United States (2000–2019). Comparative analyses of these four outcomes determine differences in the offender, motive, gun, target, and resolution. Findings indicate predictors of completed outcomes included open-space targets and offender death. Attempted outcome predictors included older offenders, victim-specific motives, and workplace targets. Failed outcomes were more likely than completed and attempted outcomes to involve school targets, although still less likely than foiled outcomes. Foiled outcome predictors included younger white co-offenders, fame and ideological motives, multiple guns, and school and religious targets. A discussion of findings provides implications for justice officials and scholars seeking potential procedures for mass shooting harm mitigation and prevention.

摘要

本研究调查了美国（2000-2019 年）已完成、未遂、失败和挫败的大规模射击结果。这四种结果的比较分析确定了犯罪者、动机、枪支、目标和解决方案的差异。研究结果表明，完成结果的预测因素包括开放空间目标和罪犯死亡。尝试的结果预测因素包括年长的罪犯、特定于受害者的动机和工作场所的目标。失败的结果比完成的和尝试的结果更有可能涉及学校目标，尽管仍然低于失败的结果。挫败的结果预测因素包括年轻的白人共犯、名望和意识形态动机、多支枪、学校和宗教目标。