Based on a comprehensive empirical analysis of maritime disputes during the twentieth century, this Article argues that international courts cast a shadow that markedly changes bargaining by potential litigating states. In particular, the filing of optional declarations under Article 287 of UNCLOS increases states’ use of non-binding methods of dispute settlement, and the Article theorizes that this occurs because the declarations credibly threaten court involvement and provide more information about likely litigation outcomes. The Article's central finding is that states that file Article 287 declarations have fewer maritime claims, more peaceful negotiations, and less need for judicial dispute settlement.

中文翻译：

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海洋司法化：《公约》阴影下的讨价还价

本文基于对 20 世纪海事纠纷的综合实证分析，认为国际法院投下的阴影明显改变了潜在诉讼国的讨价还价方式。特别是，根据《联合国海洋法公约》第 287 条提交的选择性声明增加了各国使用非约束性争端解决方法的情况，该条认为，这是因为声明可信地威胁到法院的介入，并提供了有关可能诉讼结果的更多信息。该文章的核心发现是，提交第 287 条声明的国家拥有更少的海事主张、更多的和平谈判以及更少的司法争端解决需求。