Abstract

Aim: To examine whether executive functions, and gross motor skills were predictors for school performance in children with DCD, with risk for DCD (r-DCD), and with typical development (TD).

Methods: Participants were 63 children with DCD (M_age = 8.70, SD_age = .64), 31 children with r-DCD (M_age = 8.90, SD_age = 0.74), and 63 typical development children (M_age = 8.74, SD_age = .63). Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence, Movement Assessment Battery for Children-2, Test of Gross Motor Development-3, Oral Word Span in Sentences, Odd-One-Out, Go/No-Go, Hayling Test, Trail Making Test, Five Digits Test, and the Test of School Performance-II were utilized.

Results: In DCD, processing speed (β = −.42, p = .005), and auditory-motor inhibition (β = −.36, p = .009), and auditory-verbal inhibition (β = −.38, p = .023) predicted math performance; and auditory-motor (β = −.40, p = .38) and visuospatial working memory (β = −.33 p = .011) predicted writing performance. In r-DCD, auditory-motor (β = − .67; p = .002) and visual-motor (β = −.40; p = .040) inhibition predicted math performance; visual-motor inhibition predicted writing performance (β = −.47; p = .015).

Conclusion: Lower inhibitory control and visuospatial working memory scores affect children with DCD and r-DCD’ school performance.

摘要

目的：研究执行功能和粗大运动技能是否是 DCD、DCD 风险 (r-DCD) 和典型发育 (TD) 儿童在校表现的预测因素。

方法：参与者为63名DCD儿童（M_年龄 =8.70，SD_年龄 =0.64），31名r-DCD儿童（M_年龄 =8.90，SD_年龄 =0.74），63名典型发育儿童（M_年龄 =8.74，SD_年龄 = .63)。Wechsler 智力缩写量表、儿童运动评估电池-2、粗大运动发展测试-3、句子中的口语跨度、奇数一出、Go/No-Go、Hayling 测试、Trail Making 测试、五位数测试，并使用了学校表现测试-II。

结果：在 DCD 中，处理速度 ( β  = -.42, p  = .005)，听觉运动抑制 ( β  = -.36, p = .009  )，听觉 - 语言抑制 ( β  = -.38, p  = .023) 预测的数学表现；和听觉运动 ( β  = -.40, p  = .38) 和视觉空间工作记忆 ( β  = -.33 p  = .011) 预测写作表现。在 r-DCD 中，听觉运动 ( β  = − .67; p  = .002) 和视觉运动 ( β  = −.40; p = .040) 抑制预测数学表现；视觉运动抑制可预测写作表现（β  = -.47；p  = .015）。

结论：较低的抑制控制和视觉空间工作记忆评分影响 DCD 和 r-DCD 的学校表现。