The occurrence of micropollutants (MPs) in water and wastewater imposes potential risks on ecological security and human health. Membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), as an emerging technology, has attracted much attention for MPs removal from water and wastewater. The review aims to consolidate the recent advances in membrane biofilm reactor for MPs removal from the standpoint of fundamentals, removal performance and microbial communities. First, the configuration and working principles of MBfRs are reviewed prior to the discussion of the current status of the system. Thereafter, a comprehensive review of the MBfR performance for MPs elimination based on literature database is presented. Key information on the microbial communities that are of great significance for the removal performance is then synthesized. Perspectives on the future research needs are also provided in this review to ensure the development of MBfRs for more cost-effective elimination of MPs from water and wastewater.

水和废水中微污染物（MPs）的存在给生态安全和人类健康带来了潜在风险。膜生物膜反应器（MBfR）作为一种新兴技术，在去除水和废水中的 MPs 方面备受关注。该综述旨在从基本原理、去除性能和微生物群落的角度巩固膜生物膜反应器在去除 MPs 方面的最新进展。首先，在讨论系统的当前状态之前，先回顾 MBfR 的配置和工作原理。此后，基于文献数据库对 MPs 消除的 MBfR 性能进行了全面审查。然后合成对去除性能具有重要意义的微生物群落的关键信息。