A scheme for three-dimensional (3D) atom localization with high-precision and high-resolution is proposed and its control is studied in a four-level atomic system driven by an additional microwave field. Because of the spatial dependent interaction between atoms and standing wave fields, the atoms can be localized in a domain with widths as small as 0.014λ by appropriately adjusting the system parameters. The probe absorption spectrum of the atomic system gives the position information of the atoms and different evolution patterns of the localization structures in this study. The population distribution and its 3D localization structures can be easily adjusted by parameters of the microwave field, which can achieve a 100% probability of observing the atom in a specific space and the accuracy with the value of 0.014λ. Compared with 1D or 2D localizations, 3D localization can further improve the precision of position measurement and develop its spatial resolution, which may produce a wider variety of practical applications with high precision requirement.

提出了一种高精度、高分辨率的三维（3D）原子定位方案，并在一个由附加微波场驱动的四能级原子系统中研究了其控制。由于原子和驻波场之间的空间相关相互作用，原子可以定位在宽度小至 0.014 λ的域中通过适当调整系统参数。原子系统的探针吸收光谱给出了本研究中原子的位置信息和局域结构的不同演化模式。群体分布及其3D定位结构可以很容易地通过微波场的参数进行调整，可以达到100%的概率在特定空间观察原子，精度达到0.014 λ。与1D或2D定位相比，3D定位可以进一步提高位置测量的精度并发展其空间分辨率，这可能会产生更广泛的高精度要求的实际应用。