A narrow spectral range between 2.3 nm and 4.4 nm wavelengths, the so-called ‘water window’ (WW), provides a unique opportunity for time-resolved imaging of proteins in their natural environment, as water is semi-transparent, while carbon is mostly opaque at these wavelengths. In this work we are presenting experimental developments toward high laser gain in CV ions at 4.03 nm, in a table-top device, and discuss possible application of such an x-ray laser to high-resolution microscopy, as well as generation of attosecond pulses.

中文翻译：

---

在 4.0 nm 的“水窗”中开发紧凑型 X 射线激光器

2.3 nm 和 4.4 nm 波长之间的窄光谱范围，即所谓的“水窗”(WW)，为在自然环境中对蛋白质进行时间分辨成像提供了独特的机会，因为水是半透明的，而碳是在这些波长下大部分是不透明的。在这项工作中，我们展示了台式设备中 4.03 nm 的 CV 离子高激光增益的实验进展，并讨论了这种 X 射线激光在高分辨率显微镜中的可能应用，以及阿秒脉冲的产生.