In the standard oracle model, an oracle efficiently evaluates an unknown classical function independent of the quantum algorithm itself. Quantum algorithms have a complex interrelationship to their oracles; for example the possibility of quantum speedup is affected by the manner by which oracles are implemented. Therefore, it is physically meaningful to separate oracles from their quantum algorithms, and we introduce one such separation here. We define the blind oracular quantum computation (BOQC) scheme, in which the oracle is a distinct node in a quantum network. Our work augments the client–server setting of quantum computing, in which a powerful quantum computer server is available on the network for discreet use by clients on the network with low quantum power. In BOQC, an oracle is another client that cooperates with the main client so that an oracular quantum algorithm is run on the server. The cooperation between the main client and the oracle takes place (almost) without communication. We prove BOQC to be blind: the server cannot learn anything about the clients’ computation. This proof is performed within the composable security definitions provided by the formalism of abstract cryptography. We enhance the BOQC scheme to be runnable with minimal physical qubits when run on a solid-state quantum network; we prove that this scheme, which we refer to as BOQCo (BOQC-optimized), possesses the same security as BOQC.

在标准预言机模型中，预言机有效地评估了一个独立于量子算法本身的未知经典函数。量子算法与其预言机有着复杂的相互关系；例如，量子加速的可能性受预言机实现方式的影响。因此，将预言机与其量子算法分离在物理上是有意义的，我们在此介绍一种这样的分离。我们定义了盲预言量子计算(BOQC) 方案，其中预言机是量子网络中的一个独特节点。我们的工作增强了量子计算的客户端 - 服务器设置，其中网络上提供了强大的量子计算机服务器，供网络上具有低量子功率的客户端谨慎使用。在 BOQC 中，一个 oracle 是另一个客户端，它与主客户端合作，以便在服务器上运行一个预言量子算法。主客户端和预言机之间的合作（几乎）是在没有通信的情况下进行的。我们证明 BOQC 是盲目的：服务器无法了解有关客户端计算的任何信息。该证明是在抽象密码学形式主义提供的可组合安全定义内执行的。我们增强了 BOQC 方案，使其在固态量子网络上运行时能够以最少的物理量子位运行；我们证明这个方案，我们称之为 BOQCo（BOQC 优化），具有与 BOQC 相同的安全性。