We show that the presence of replica wormholes in the Euclidean path integral of gravity leads to a non-perturbative violation of charge conservation for any global symmetry present in the low-energy description of quantum gravity. Explicitly, we compute the scattering probability between different charged states in several two-dimensional models of quantum gravity and find a non-vanishing answer. This suggests that the set of all charged states is typically over-complete, which has drastic consequences for the fate of black hole remnants that could carry a global symmetry charge. In the holographic context, we argue that the presence of such a symmetry in the effective description of the bulk should appear on the boundary as an emergent global symmetry after ensemble averaging.

我们表明，引力的欧几里得路径积分中复制虫洞的存在导致对量子引力的低能描述中存在的任何全局对称性的电荷守恒的非微扰违反。明确地，我们计算了几个二维量子引力模型中不同带电状态之间的散射概率，并找到了一个非零答案。这表明所有带电状态的集合通常是过度完备的，这对可能带有全局对称电荷的黑洞残余物的命运产生了巨大的影响。在全息背景下，我们认为，在整体平均后，这种对称性在体的有效描述中的存在应该作为紧急全局对称性出现在边界上。