In this paper the combined effect of internal heating and through-flow in a porous medium layer saturated by nanofluid is studied under local thermal nonequilibrium. Free-free isothermal boundaries have been considered for the analysis. The Brinkman model is used for the porous medium. The nanofluid is assumed to be incorporated with the effect of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. The particles, fluid, and solid-matrix are at different temperatures, i.e., a three temperature model has been used for local thermal nonequilibrium (LTNE). To investigate the onset of convection and heat/mass transfer both linear and nonlinear stability analysis have been featured. We conclude that the effects of internal heating and through-flow play a vital role in the heat and mass transfer inside the system.

中文翻译：

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局部热非平衡条件下纳米流体饱和多孔介质中内部加热和贯通流的综合效应

本文研究了在局部热非平衡条件下，纳米流体饱和的多孔介质层中内部加热和通流的联合效应。自由自由等温边界已被考虑用于分析。Brinkman 模型用于多孔介质。假设纳米流体与热泳和布朗运动的影响相结合。粒子、流体和固体基质处于不同的温度，即，局部热非平衡 (LTNE) 使用了三温度模型。为了研究对流和热/质量传递的开始，线性和非线性稳定性分析已被介绍。我们得出结论，内部加热和通流的影响在系统内部的传热传质中起着至关重要的作用。