Theoretical investigation on buoyancy actuated thermal flow behavior inside fluid-saturated porous enclosure has been performed, where sinusoidal heating is applied from the top surface, which finds significant applications in the glass industries. Results are obtained with the help of stream function, isotherms, Nusselt number, and entropy generation. The key parameters for this study are the Rayleigh number (10³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10⁶), Darcy number (10^-4 ≤ Da ≤ 10^-1), Prandtl number (0.7 ≤ Pr ≤ 1000), and phase shift angle (0° ≤ φ ≤ 90°). It can be noticed that the flow dynamics drastically alters with Ra, Da, Pr, and φ, and the fluid friction irreversibility is greater in the convection dominating regime.

中文翻译：

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顶部不均匀加热的流体饱和方形多孔外壳内自然对流和熵产生的数值研究

已经对流体饱和多孔外壳内的浮力驱动热流动行为进行了理论研究，其中从顶部表面施加正弦加热，这在玻璃工业中具有重要应用。结果是在流函数、等温线、努塞尔数和熵生成的帮助下获得的。本研究的关键参数是瑞利数 (10 ³ ≤ Ra ≤ 10 ⁶ )、达西数 (10 ^-4 ≤ Da ≤ 10 ^-1 )、普朗特数 (0.7 ≤ Pr ≤ 1000) 和相移角 (0 ° ≤ φ ≤ 90°）。可以注意到，流动动力学随 Ra、Da、Pr 和 φ 发生剧烈变化，并且在对流主导状态下流体摩擦不可逆性更大。