With good flexibility and biocompatibility, hydrogel-based sensors have been widely used in human motion detection, artificial intelligence, human–machine interface, and other fields. Previous research on hydrogel-based sensors has focused on improving the mechanical properties and signal transmission sensitivity. With the development of human smart devices, there is an increasing demand for hydrogel sensor comfort and more application functions, such as ultrathin structures and recognition functions for contact surfaces, which are realized with higher requirements for the thickness, flexibility, friction resistance, and biocompatibility of hydrogels. Inspired by the ultrathin and flexible characteristics of human organ biofilms, we constructed conductive hydrogel films by using the flim-casting and glycerol–H₂O secondary hydration methods. This ultrathin structure enables the hydrogel films to have a high elongation at break of 523.3%, a stress of 3.5 MPa, and a good friction resistance. Combined with the excellent sensing properties (gauge factor = 2.1 and a response time of 200 ms), the hydrogel film-based sensor can not only record human motion signals but also recognize the surface texture and roughness of objects, such as glass, brushes, wood, and sandpaper with mesh sizes of 80, 50, and 24, accurately. In addition, this hydrogel film has a series of excellent properties such as UV shielding, antiswelling ability, and good biocompatibility. This research provides a novel way for the development of emerging soft-material smart devices, such as hydrogel-based electronic skin and soft robots.

中文翻译：

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用于多功能应变传感器的超薄和高韧性水凝胶薄膜

基于水凝胶的传感器具有良好的柔韧性和生物相容性，已广泛应用于人体运动检测、人工智能、人机界面等领域。以前对基于水凝胶的传感器的研究主要集中在提高机械性能和信号传输灵敏度上。随着人类智能设备的发展，对水凝胶传感器的舒适性和更多应用功能的需求，如接触面的超薄结构和识别功能等，对厚度、柔韧性、耐摩擦性、生物相容性等提出了更高的要求。的水凝胶。受人体器官生物膜超薄和柔韧特性的启发，我们使用薄膜浇铸和甘油-H _{2构建了导电水凝胶膜。}O 二次补水方法。这种超薄结构使水凝胶薄膜具有高达 523.3% 的断裂伸长率、3.5 MPa 的应力和良好的摩擦阻力。结合优异的传感特性（测量因子 = 2.1，响应时间为 200 ms），基于水凝胶薄膜的传感器不仅可以记录人体运动信号，还可以识别物体的表面纹理和粗糙度，例如玻璃、刷子、木头和砂纸，网格尺寸分别为 80、50 和 24，准确无误。此外，这种水凝胶薄膜还具有紫外线屏蔽、抗溶胀能力、良好的生物相容性等一系列优异性能。该研究为新兴的软材料智能设备的开发提供了一条新途径，例如基于水凝胶的电子皮肤和软机器人。