ABSTRACT

In the two-alternative forced-choice (2AFC) task, the target stimulus is presented very briefly, and participants must choose which of two options was the presented target. Some past research has assumed that the 2AFC task isolates orthographic effects, despite orthographic, semantic, and phonological differences between the options. If so, performance should not differ between word/nonword pairs and British/American word pairs, the latter of which only differ orthographically. In Experiment 1, accuracy and sensitivity were higher during word/nonword trials than British/American trials when participants did not guess, demonstrating that phonological/semantic processing contributes to performance. Experiment 2 showed that target visibility did not interact with pair type on RT, which suggests phonological/semantic processing did not feed back to orthographic encoding in this task. This study demonstrates the influence of phonological/semantic processing on word perceptual identification, and shows that using British/American word pairs provides a method to isolate orthography in the 2AFC task.

摘要

在二选一强迫选择 (2AFC) 任务中，目标刺激被非常简短地呈现，参与者必须选择两个选项中的哪一个是呈现的目标。过去的一些研究假设 2AFC 任务隔离了拼写效果，尽管选项之间存在拼写、语义和语音差异。如果是这样，词/非词对和英/美词对之间的性能应该没有区别，后者仅在拼写上有所不同。在实验 1 中，当参与者没有猜测时，单词/非单词试验的准确性和敏感性高于英国/美国试验，这表明语音/语义处理有助于表现。实验 2 表明目标可见性与 RT 上的配对类型没有相互作用，这表明在此任务中，语音/语义处理没有反馈到正字法编码。这项研究证明了语音/语义处理对词感知识别的影响，并表明使用英/美词对提供了一种在 2AFC 任务中隔离正字法的方法。