Crop straw provides huge lignocellulose residues that are transformable for bioethanol production and biochemicals. However, lignocellulose recalcitrance fundamentally causes a costly biomass process that is unapplicable for bioethanol conversion at industrial level with potential waste release. Here, this study selected the transgenic rice (Oryza sativa L.) lines that overexpressed AtCesA6, a typical gene involved in cellulose biosynthesis of primary cell walls in Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana L Heynh.). This work then examined significantly improved lignocellulose substrates along with much soluble sugars deposition in the transgenic rice straws. By performing green-style pretreatments with mature rice straws using two recyclable and relatively low-cost alkali chemicals (NH₃·H₂O, CaO) and liquid hot water, this work determined almost complete enzymatic saccharification in the transgenic rice lines. Notably, under two optimal alkali pretreatments, the transgenic rice samples could achieve either bioethanol yields of more than 20 % (% dry matter) or bioethanol concentrations at 18.3 g/L and 19.1 g/L from one-pot relatively high solid loading saccharification, being much higher than those of wild type (Nipponbare). Furthermore, this study examined how the lignocellulose recalcitrance was significantly reduced for remarkably raised enzymatic saccharification in the transgenic rice straws. It also explicated that the maximum bioethanol yield obtained in the transgenic straws should mainly be subjective to near-complete enzymatic saccharification and much directly-fermentable soluble sugars accumulation. Therefore, this study has provided a novel strategy for high bioethanol production by integrating genetically-improved lignocellulose substrates with optimal one-pot-process technology in bioenergy crops.

农作物秸秆提供了大量的木质纤维素残留物，可用于生物乙醇生产和生物化学品。然而，木质纤维素的顽固性从根本上导致成本高昂的生物质过程，该过程不适用于工业水平的生物乙醇转化，并可能释放废物。在这里，本研究选择了过表达AtCesA6的转基因水稻 ( Oryza sativa L. ) 品系，AtCesA6是参与拟南芥( Arabidopsis thaliana L Heynh.)初级细胞壁纤维素生物合成的典型基因。）。然后，这项工作检查了显着改善的木质纤维素底物以及转基因稻草中大量可溶性糖的沉积。通过使用两种可回收且成本相对较低的碱性化学品（NH ₃ ·H ₂ O、CaO）和液态热水对成熟的稻草进行绿色式预处理，这项工作确定了转基因水稻品系中几乎完全的酶促糖化。值得注意的是，在两种最佳碱预处理下，转基因水稻样品可以实现超过 20%（干物质百分比）的生物乙醇产量或来自一锅相对高固含量糖化的生物乙醇浓度分别为 18.3 g/L 和 19.1 g/L，远高于野生型（日本晴）。此外，这项研究检查了木质纤维素的顽固性如何显着降低以显着提高转基因稻草中的酶促糖化作用。也说明转基因秸秆获得的最大生物乙醇产量应主要取决于近乎完全的酶促糖化和大量可直接发酵的可溶性糖的积累。因此，本研究通过将基因改良的木质纤维素底物与生物能源作物的最佳单锅工艺技术相结合，为高生物乙醇生产提供了一种新策略。