Micronanoswarms have attracted extensive attention worldwide due to their great promise in biomedical applications. The collective behaviors among thousands, or even millions, of tiny active agents indicate immense potential for benefiting the progress of clinical therapeutic and diagnostic methods. In recent years, with the development of smart materials, remote actuation modalities, and automatic control strategies, the motion dexterity, environmental adaptability, and functionality versatility of micronanoswarms are improved. Swarms can thus be designed as dexterous platforms inside living bodies to perform a multitude of tasks related to healthcare. Existing surveys summarize the design, functionalization, and biomedical applications of micronanorobots and the actuation and motion control strategies of micronanoswarms. This review presents the recent progress of micronanoswarms, aiming for biomedical applications. The recent advances on structural design of artificial, living, and hybrid micronanoswarms are summarized, and the biomedical applications that could be tackled using micronanoswarms are introduced, such as targeted drug delivery, hyperthermia, imaging and sensing, and thrombolysis. Moreover, potential challenges and promising trends of future developments are discussed. It is envisioned that the future success of these promising tools will have a significant impact on clinical treatment.

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用于生物医学应用的微纳米群概述

微纳米群由于其在生物医学应用中的巨大前景而在全球范围内引起了广泛关注。数以千计甚至数以百万计的微小活性剂之间的集体行为表明，它具有促进临床治疗和诊断方法进步的巨大潜力。近年来，随着智能材料、远程驱动方式和自动控制策略的发展，微纳群的运动灵巧性、环境适应性和功能通用性得到了提高。因此，Swarm 可以被设计为活体内的灵巧平台，以执行与医疗保健相关的多种任务。现有调查总结了微纳米机器人的设计、功能化和生物医学应用以及微纳米群的驱动和运动控制策略。本综述介绍了微纳米群的最新进展，旨在用于生物医学应用。总结了人工、活体和混合微纳群结构设计的最新进展，介绍了微纳群可以解决的生物医学应用，如靶向给药、热疗、成像和传感以及溶栓。此外，还讨论了未来发展的潜在挑战和有希望的趋势。可以预见，这些有前途的工具未来的成功将对临床治疗产生重大影响。并介绍了可以使用微纳群解决的生物医学应用，例如靶向给药、热疗、成像和传感以及溶栓。此外，还讨论了未来发展的潜在挑战和有希望的趋势。可以预见，这些有前途的工具未来的成功将对临床治疗产生重大影响。并介绍了可以使用微纳群解决的生物医学应用，例如靶向给药、热疗、成像和传感以及溶栓。此外，还讨论了未来发展的潜在挑战和有希望的趋势。可以预见，这些有前途的工具未来的成功将对临床治疗产生重大影响。