As a remarkable strategic resource, rare earth elements (REEs) endow implantable bone regeneration materials with excellent properties both in vitro and in vivo, including optimizing mechanical properties, making materials visual, inducing cells responses and regulating local microenvironment, etc., which have aroused widespread attention in the forefront of biomedical fields and materials science. In this review, a comprehensive survey of the breakthroughs and advantages about rare earth (RE)-based bone regeneration materials is provided. By interacting with RE-based materials, the biological responses of cells involved in bone regeneration are activated, such as inducing gene expression, promoting angiogenesis and activating functions of immune cell. Importantly, the unique RE-based up-conversion luminescent nanoparticles and enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) functionalized gadolinium (Gd) complexes make the material and even bone-regeneration progress detected easily through a variety of imaging methods. In addition, the introduction of REEs also plays other roles in bone tissue engineering like enhancing corrosion resistance, antibacteria, anti-inflammatory, reducing oxidative stress, enhancing bone density and so on. Finally, challenges and prospects towards RE-based bone regeneration materials are discussed.

作为一种显着的战略资源，稀土元素（REEs）赋予了可植入骨再生材料在体外和体内的优异性能包括优化机械性能、使材料可视化、诱导细胞反应和调节局部微环境等，引起了生物医学领域和材料科学前沿的广泛关注。在这篇综述中，对稀土（RE）基骨再生材料的突破和优势进行了全面的综述。通过与基于稀土的材料相互作用，激活参与骨再生的细胞的生物学反应，如诱导基因表达、促进血管生成和激活免疫细胞的功能。重要的，独特的基于稀土元素的上转换发光纳米粒子和增强的核磁共振成像（MRI）功能化钆（Gd）配合物使得通过多种成像方法可以轻松检测到材料甚至骨再生进展。此外，稀土元素的引入在骨组织工程中还具有增强耐腐蚀性、抗菌、抗炎、降低氧化应激、增强骨密度等作用。最后，讨论了基于 RE 的骨再生材料面临的挑战和前景。