The employment of ultrathin Li metal electrodes with matched capacity with current cathodes and improved electrochemical stripping/plating behaviors plays a key role in the realization of high-energy-density batteries. However, their fabrication remains challenging using regular cold rolling processing due to inferior processibility of metallic Li. Herein, a facile molten metal doctor-blade casting approach is explored to fabricate uniform metallic Li layers with thickness ranging from 10 to 50 µm on regular battery Cu current collectors with a lithiophilic Sn interphase layer. The enhanced surface wettability between Li and the spontaneously formed Li–Sn alloy helps to realize uniform spreading, and formation of an ultrathin and uniform metallic Li layer. The existence of the Li–Sn alloy in the bulk of metallic Li electrode helps to reduce the nucleation barrier and improve the electrochemical performance of the Li metal. With a cathode areal capacity of 2.8 mA h cm⁻² the LiCoO₂||Li/Li–Sn full cell shows improved capacity retention from 58% to 77% after 100 cycles at a lower Negative/Positive ratio of 2/1, offering a high energy density of 662.4 W h kg⁻¹. The enhanced electrochemical performance of the as-fabricated ultrathin Li metal electrode with high energy density opens up a promising pathway for realizing next-generation high-energy-density batteries.

中文翻译：

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用于高能密度电池的超薄锂金属电极的刮刀铸造制造

采用具有与当前正极匹配的容量和改进的电化学剥离/电镀行为的超薄锂金属电极在实现高能量密度电池方面起着关键作用。然而，由于金属锂的加工性能较差，使用常规冷轧工艺制造它们仍然具有挑战性。在此，研究人员探索了一种简便的熔融金属刮刀铸造方法，以在具有亲锂 Sn 界面层的常规电池 Cu 集流体上制造厚度范围为 10 至 50 µm 的均匀金属锂层。Li与自发形成的Li-Sn合金之间增强的表面润湿性有助于实现均匀扩散，并形成超薄且均匀的金属Li层。Li-Sn合金在金属锂电极本体中的存在有助于降低成核势垒并提高锂金属的电化学性能。阴极面积容量为 2.8 mAh cm^-2 LiCoO ₂ ||Li/Li-Sn 全电池在 100 次循环后容量保持率从 58% 提高到 77%，负/正比较低，为 2/1，提供 662.4 W h kg 的高能量密度^{- 1} . 具有高能量密度的超薄锂金属电极增强的电化学性能为实现下一代高能量密度电池开辟了一条有希望的途径。