In modern agriculture, mineral fertilizers are considered to be a significant enhancing factor. They promote soil fertility, particularly in sandy soils. Farmers should be aware of the effects of fertilizers on the soil environment. Here, we report the results of three long-term experiments with durations of 25, 41 and 94 years conducted in a sandy soil at the experimental station of the Warsaw University of Life Sciences – SGGW in Skierniewice, Poland. The soil physical properties and nutrient regime were monitored under a set of experimental treatments: Control – no fertilizer, NPK – NPK fertilizers, CaNPK – CaNPK fertilizers in the 41-year and 94-year-long experiments, and FYM – farmyard manure as control, FYM+NPK – farmyard manure+NPK fertilizers and FYM+CaNPK – farmyard manure+CaNPK fertilizers in the 25-year-long experiment. Only the 41-year-long experiment showed a significant decrease in bulk density by 7% under NPK treatment compared to control. Total and available P increased significantly across experiments and fertilization treatments compared with the corresponding controls, most remarkably in the 41-year-long experiment. In the 94-year-long experiment, total Ca and Mg rose by 168% and 45% under CaNPK treatment, respectively, relative to the control. Total organic carbon increased considerably across experiments. Similarly, total N and S increased in NPK treatment significantly by 67% and 56%, respectively compared with the control in the 41-year-long experiment. Overall, the highest number of correlations between soil physical properties and nutrient content was determined in the 94-year-long experiment. The obtained results show positive effects of FYM on the content of soil nutrients.

在现代农业中，矿物肥料被认为是一个重要的促进因素。它们促进土壤肥力，特别是在沙质土壤中。农民应了解肥料对土壤环境的影响。在这里，我们报告了在波兰斯基尔涅维采的华沙生命科学大学 SGGW 实验站的沙质土壤中进行的三个持续时间分别为 25、41 和 94 年的长期实验的结果。在一组实验处理下监测土壤物理性质和养分状况：在 41 年和 94 年的实验中，对照 - 不施肥，NPK - NPK 肥料，CaNPK - CaNPK 肥料，以及 FYM - 农家肥作为对照, FYM+NPK – 农家肥+NPK 肥料和FYM+CaNPK – 农家肥+CaNPK 肥料在25 年的试验中。只有长达 41 年的实验表明，与对照相比，在 NPK 处理下堆积密度显着降低了 7%。与相应的对照相比，整个实验和施肥处理的总磷和有效磷显着增加，在长达 41 年的实验中最为显着。在长达 94 年的实验中，在 CaNPK 处理下，总 Ca 和 Mg 相对于对照分别增加了 168% 和 45%。在整个实验中，总有机碳显着增加。同样，在长达 41 年的实验中，与对照相比，NPK 处理的总 N 和 S 分别显着增加了 67% 和 56%。总体而言，在长达 94 年的实验中确定了土壤物理特性和养分含量之间的最高相关性。