Achieving sustainability is a worldwide current concern in agriculture that brings important challenges but also opportunities for rethinking agroecosystems. While many studies focused on tillage effects upon soil organisms, few of them have considered this into a temporal framework. In a study conducted in actual field conditions, we evaluated at short-term (7 months) the dynamic of several abiotic and biotic soil parameters under contrasting tillage systems. We hypothesised that (1) the reduction and especially the stopping of the soil mechanical perturbation lead overall to an improvement of the soil physical structure and the food resources available for soil fauna. (2) According to their specific ecological requirements, Collembola and Earthworms will show different dynamics of responses following alleviation of soil mechanical perturbation. (3) For a single group (either Collembola or earthworms), differences between tillage systems are dependent on the sampling period. We used a field set-up held on the INRA experimental station of Estrées-Mons (North of France). Three tillage systems were investigated: conventional tillage (with the soil inverted up to 25 cm depth) reduced tillage (limited to the first 7–8 cm depth) and no-tillage. Each treatment was replicated 4 times randomly (3 × 4 = 12 plots in total). Collembola and earthworms were sampled at each plot using standard methods. During the course of the experiment, two tillage operations were performed one in mid-March and one in mid-May. Samplings of soil fauna were performed on a regular basis according to tillage operation: 1 day before, and respectively 1; 7; 30; 49; 56; 104; 210 days after. Abiotic parameters (bulk density, SOC stock, Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and aggregates size) and microflora (microbial and fungal biomass and their activity) were also monitored and used as explaining factors. Our findings showed that slightly reducing the intensity of soil mechanical perturbation, did not favour soil fauna. But, when stopping tillage, population sizes of earthworm and Collembola increased. This is related to the improvement of the distribution of, and accessibility to, organic matter as a basic food source (SOC stock, microbial and fungal biomass and their potential C mineralisation activity), the physical structure of the soil and the distribution of pore sizes as a space life (bulk density, MWD and aggregates size). Our kinetic study has shown that the different groups of soil fauna respond differently to mechanical soil disturbance. Overall, conservation tillage can foster one of the numerous services provided by the soil compartment, namely the soil biodiversity and therefore improve soil quality and health.

实现可持续性是当前全球农业关注的问题，它带来了重要挑战，但也为重新思考农业生态系统带来了机遇。虽然许多研究关注耕作对土壤生物的影响，但很少有人将其纳入时间框架。在实际田间条件下进行的一项研究中，我们在短期（7 个月）评估了对比耕作系统下几种非生物和生物土壤参数的动态。我们假设 (1) 土壤机械扰动的减少，尤其是停止，总体上导致土壤物理结构和土壤动物可用食物资源的改善。(2) 根据其特定的生态要求，弹尾虫和蚯蚓在减轻土壤机械扰动后会表现出不同的响应动态。(3) 对于单个群体（弹尾虫或蚯蚓），耕作系统之间的差异取决于采样周期。我们使用了在埃斯特雷蒙斯（法国北部）的 INRA 实验站上进行的现场设置。研究了三种耕作系统：常规耕作（土壤倒置深度达 25 厘米）减少耕作（仅限于前 7-8 厘米深度）和免耕。每个处理随机重复 4 次（共 3 × 4 = 12 个地块）。使用标准方法在每个地块对弹尾虫和蚯蚓进行采样。在试验过程中，进行了两次耕作，一次在 3 月中旬，一次在 5 月中旬。根据耕作操作定期对土壤动物进行取样：前1天，分别为1天；7; 30; 49; 56; 104; 210天后。非生物参数（体积密度，SOC 储量、平均重量直径 (MWD) 和聚集体大小）和微生物群落（微生物和真菌生物量及其活性）也被监测并用作解释因素。我们的研究结果表明，稍微降低土壤机械扰动的强度，不利于土壤动物群。但是，当停止耕作时，蚯蚓和弹尾虫的种群数量增加了。这与作为基本食物来源的有机质（SOC 储量、微生物和真菌生物量及其潜在的碳矿化活性）的分布和可及性的改善、土壤的物理结构和孔径分布有关作为空间寿命（体积密度、MWD 和聚集体尺寸）。我们的动力学研究表明，不同类型的土壤动物群对土壤机械扰动的反应不同。总体，