Since the first Industrial Revolution the trends in manufacturing have evolved a lot, from mechanical production to the era of smart manufacturing via technologies like Cyber Physical Systems, Internet of Things, Big Data, Cyber Security, Cloud Computing, Additive Manufacturing, Advanced robots, Modelling and Simulation and Augmented Virtual Reality. These technologies are enabling Interoperability and integration of various processes and departments in an organization because of the attribute of real-time inter-connectivity. Due to high inter-connectivity advantages like shorter development time, mass customization and modularity, configurability can be brought into existence. This will not only change the dynamics of the production lines but also add to the profit ratio of an organization by controlling over inventory via virtualization and predictive manufacturing. Due to such attributes of the Industry 4.0 paradigm, understanding them in depth is necessary. Hence, this paper aims to review many such characteristics, enablers, and main drivers of the Industry 4.0 paradigm and ultimately provides insight on the future scopes of each of the main pillars of Industry 4.0.

自第一次工业革命以来，制造业的趋势发生了很大变化，从机械生产到智能制造时代，通过网络物理系统、物联网、大数据、网络安全、云计算、增材制造、先进机器人、建模等技术以及模拟和增强虚拟现实。由于实时互连的特性，这些技术正在实现组织中各个流程和部门的互操作性和集成。由于具有更短的开发时间、大规模定制和模块化等高度互连的优势，可以实现可配置性。这不仅会改变生产线的动态，还会通过虚拟化和预测性制造控制库存来增加组织的利润率。由于工业 4.0 范式的这些属性，有必要深入了解它们。因此，本文旨在回顾工业 4.0 范式的许多此类特征、促成因素和主要驱动因素，并最终提供对工业 4.0 每个主要支柱的未来范围的见解。