Helicobacter pylori (Hp) eradication has been used for many years. Yet, the impact of this eradication on the normal gastric microflora is not well understood. In this study, we explored the effect of eradication on the stomach microbial community and its recovery after successful Hp eradication. Among the 89 included patients, 23, 17, 40, and 9 were included in the Hp-negative, Hp-positive, successful eradication, and failed eradication groups, respectively. Four subgroups were further determined according to disease status (Hp-negative chronic gastritis [N-CG], Hp-negative atrophic gastritis [N-AG], successful-eradication chronic gastritis [SE-CG], and atrophic gastritis with successful eradication [SE-AG]). During the endoscopic examination, one piece of gastric mucosa tissue was obtained from the lesser curvature side of the gastric antrum and gastric corpus, respectively. In addition, 16S rDNA gene sequencing was used to analyze the gastric mucosal microbiome. In the Hp-negative group, the gastric microbiota was dominated by five phyla: Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, and Fusobacteria. After successfully eradicating Hp, the bacterial flora in the stomach recovered to a considerable extent. In the failed eradication group, the flora was similar to the flora in Hp-positive subjects based on the alpha and beta diversities. Among the groups, Curvibacter and Acinetobacter were enriched in the presence of Hp (i.e., failed eradication and Hp-positive groups), suggesting that these two genera could be used as biomarkers in the symbiotic flora in the presence of Hp. SE-CG was characterized by an increase in Firmicutes taxa and a decrease in Proteobacteria taxa compared with N-CG. SE-AG was characterized by a decrease in Firmicutes relative to N-AG. Finally, no differences were found in the pairwise comparisons of nitrate and nitrite reductase functions of the microflora among the four subgroups. After Hp infection, the diversity and relative abundance of gastric microflora were significantly decreased. Yet, gastric microbiota could be partially restored to the Hp-negative status after eradication. Still, this effect was incomplete and might contribute to the long-term risks.

中文翻译：

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根除幽门螺杆菌对胃微生物组的影响

根除幽门螺杆菌 (Hp) 已使用多年。然而，这种根除对正常胃微生物群落的影响尚不清楚。在这项研究中，我们探讨了根除对胃微生物群落的影响及其在成功根除 Hp 后的恢复。在纳入的 89 名患者中，Hp 阴性、Hp 阳性、根除成功和根除失败组分别有 23、17、40 和 9 名。根据疾病状态进一步确定了四个亚组（Hp 阴性慢性胃炎 [N-CG]、Hp 阴性萎缩性胃炎 [N-AG]、成功根除慢性胃炎 [SE-CG] 和成功根除的萎缩性胃炎 [ SE-AG])。在内窥镜检查过程中，取胃窦小弯侧和胃体部各取1片胃黏膜组织。此外，还使用16S rDNA基因测序来分析胃黏膜微生物组。在 Hp 阴性组中，胃微生物群主要由 5 个门组成：厚壁菌门、变形菌门、放线菌门、拟杆菌门和梭杆菌门。成功根除Hp后，胃内菌群恢复了相当程度。在根除失败组中，基于 alpha 和 beta 多样性，菌群与 Hp 阳性受试者的菌群相似。各组中，Curvibacter 和 Acinetobacter 在 Hp 存在下富集（即根除失败组和 Hp 阳性组），表明这两个属可用作存在 Hp 的共生菌群中的生物标志物。与 N-CG 相比，SE-CG 的特点是厚壁菌纲增加，变形菌纲减少。SE-AG 的特征是厚壁菌门相对于 N-AG 减少。最后，在四个亚组中微生物群落的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原酶功能的成对比较中没有发现差异。Hp感染后，胃菌群的多样性和相对丰度显着降低。然而，根除后，胃微生物群可以部分恢复到 Hp 阴性状态。尽管如此，这种影响并不完整，可能会导致长期风险。SE-AG 的特征是厚壁菌门相对于 N-AG 减少。最后，在四个亚组中微生物群落的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原酶功能的成对比较中没有发现差异。Hp感染后，胃菌群的多样性和相对丰度显着降低。然而，根除后，胃微生物群可以部分恢复到 Hp 阴性状态。尽管如此，这种影响并不完整，可能会导致长期风险。SE-AG 的特征是厚壁菌门相对于 N-AG 减少。最后，在四个亚组中微生物群落的硝酸盐和亚硝酸盐还原酶功能的成对比较中没有发现差异。Hp感染后，胃菌群的多样性和相对丰度显着降低。然而，根除后，胃微生物群可以部分恢复到 Hp 阴性状态。尽管如此，这种影响并不完整，可能会导致长期风险。根除后，胃微生物群可以部分恢复到 Hp 阴性状态。尽管如此，这种影响并不完整，可能会导致长期风险。根除后，胃微生物群可以部分恢复到 Hp 阴性状态。尽管如此，这种影响并不完整，可能会导致长期风险。