Increasing night-time temperatures are a major threat to sustaining global rice (Oryza sativa L.) production. A simultaneous increase in [CO2] will lead to an inevitable interaction between elevated [CO2] (e[CO2]) and high night temperature (HNT) under current and future climates. Here, we conducted field experiments to identify [CO2] responsiveness from a diverse indica panel comprising 194 genotypes under different planting geometries in 2016. Twenty-three different genotypes were tested under different planting geometries and e[CO2] using a free-air [CO2] enrichment facility in 2017. The most promising genotypes and positive and negative controls were tested under HNT and e[CO2] + HNT in 2018. [CO2] responsiveness, measured as a composite response index on different yield components, grain yield, and photosynthesis, revealed a strong relationship (R2 = 0.71) between low planting density and e[CO2]. The most promising genotypes revealed significantly lower (P < 0.001) impact of HNT in high [CO2] responsive (HCR) genotypes compared to the least [CO2] responsive genotype. [CO2] responsiveness was the major driver determining grain yield and related components in HCR genotypes with a negligible yield loss under HNT. A systematic investigation highlighted that active selection and breeding for [CO2] responsiveness can lead to maintained carbon balance and compensate for HNT-induced yield losses in rice and potentially other C3 crops under current and future warmer climates.

中文翻译：

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二氧化碳响应性减轻夜间高温下水稻产量损失

夜间气温升高是维持全球水稻（Oryza sativa L.）生产的主要威胁。在当前和未来气候下，[CO2] 的同时增加将导致升高的 [CO2] (e[CO2]) 和夜间高温 (HNT) 之间不可避免的相互作用。在这里，我们在 2016 年进行了田间实验，以从包含 194 种基因型的不同籼稻面板中识别 [CO2] 响应性。 ] 富集设施，2017 年。2018 年在 HNT 和 e[CO2] + HNT 下测试最有希望的基因型和阳性和阴性对照。[CO2] 响应性，测量为不同产量成分、谷物产量和光合作用的复合响应指数, 揭示了低种植密度与 e[CO2] 之间的强关系（R2 = 0.71）。与最低 [CO2] 响应基因型相比，最有希望的基因型显示 HNT 在高 [CO2] 响应 (HCR) 基因型中的影响显着降低 (P < 0.001)。[CO2] 响应性是决定 HCR 基因型中谷物产量和相关成分的主要驱动因素，在 HNT 下产量损失可忽略不计。一项系统调查强调，在当前和未来气候变暖的情况下，针对 [CO2] 响应性的积极选择和育种可以维持碳平衡并补偿 HNT 引起的水稻和其他潜在 C3 作物的产量损失。001) 与最低 [CO2] 响应基因型相比，HNT 在高 [CO2] 响应 (HCR) 基因型中的影响。[CO2] 响应性是决定 HCR 基因型中谷物产量和相关成分的主要驱动因素，在 HNT 下产量损失可忽略不计。一项系统调查强调，在当前和未来气候变暖的情况下，针对 [CO2] 响应性的积极选择和育种可以维持碳平衡并补偿 HNT 引起的水稻和其他潜在 C3 作物的产量损失。001) 与最低 [CO2] 响应基因型相比，HNT 在高 [CO2] 响应 (HCR) 基因型中的影响。[CO2] 响应性是决定 HCR 基因型中谷物产量和相关成分的主要驱动因素，在 HNT 下产量损失可忽略不计。一项系统调查强调，在当前和未来气候变暖的情况下，针对 [CO2] 响应性的积极选择和育种可以维持碳平衡并补偿 HNT 引起的水稻和其他潜在 C3 作物的产量损失。