Introduction

Our study sought to assess the interplay of family dynamics, namely familial warmth and LGBTQ + specific rejection, and its association to self-esteem in a non-probabilistic sample of LGBTQ + adolescents in the United States.

Methods

Stratified by (1) cisgender and (2) transgender and non-binary LGBTQ + adolescents (N = 8774), we tested multivariable regression analyses to assess the association between familial warmth and LGBTQ + specific family rejection, adjusted for sociodemographic characteristics. We then conducted a sub-analysis with LGBTQ + adolescents who reported being out to any family member about their LGBTQ + identity; specifically, we tested a series of multivariable regression models to assess whether levels of LGBTQ + specific family rejection attenuated the association between familial warmth and self-esteem.

Results

Full sample models indicated a positive association between familial warmth and self-esteem. Findings from our sub-analysis indicated that familial warmth remained positively linked to self-esteem and family rejection was negatively associated with self-esteem. Family rejection was a statistically significant moderator, attenuating the association between familial warmth and self-esteem. With respect to being out about one's sexual orientation, these findings were robust across gender stratification groups.

Conclusions

Families of origin serve as sources of stress and resilience for LGBTQ + adolescents. Our findings contribute support to arguments that familial warmth and LGBTQ + specific rejection are not mutually-exclusive experiences among LGBTQ + adolescents. We provide recommendations for multilevel interventions to leverage activities that support positive family dynamics and self-esteem among LGBTQ + adolescents.

中文翻译：

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家庭温暖和 LGBTQ+ 特定家庭排斥对 LGBTQ+ 青少年自尊的相互作用

介绍

我们的研究试图在美国 LGBTQ + 青少年的非概率样本中评估家庭动态的相互作用，即家庭温暖和 LGBTQ + 特定拒绝，及其与自尊的关联。

方法

按 (1) 顺性别和 (2) 跨性别和非二元 LGBTQ + 青少年 ( N  = 8774)分层，我们测试了多变量回归分析，以评估家庭温暖与 LGBTQ + 特定家庭排斥之间的关联，并根据社会人口学特征进行调整。然后，我们对 LGBTQ + 青少年进行了子分析，这些青少年向任何家庭成员报告他们的 LGBTQ + 身份；具体而言，我们测试了一系列多变量回归模型，以评估 LGBTQ + 特定家庭排斥的水平是否减弱了家庭温暖与自尊之间的关联。

结果

完整的样本模型表明家庭温暖和自尊之间存在正相关。我们的子分析结果表明，家庭温暖与自尊呈正相关，而家庭拒绝与自尊呈负相关。家庭排斥是一个具有统计学意义的调节因素，减弱了家庭温暖和自尊之间的关联。关于公开自己的性取向，这些调查结果在性别分层组中都是可靠的。

结论

原生家庭是 LGBTQ + 青少年的压力和复原力的来源。我们的研究结果支持以下论点，即家庭温暖和 LGBTQ + 特定拒绝在 LGBTQ + 青少年之间并不是相互排斥的经历。我们为多层次干预提供建议，以利用支持 LGBTQ + 青少年积极的家庭动态和自尊的活动。