A smart soft actuator with multiple capabilities of humidity-driven actuating, humidity energy harvesting, self-powered humidity sensing, and real-time motion tracking is reported. It is designed on the basis of an MXene/cellulose/polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) composite membrane. This actuator is driven by asymmetric expansion under a moisture gradient during capture of the chemical potential of humidity to mechanical power. Meanwhile, the gradient moisture chemistry also induces directional proton diffusion to generate electricity with high power density and open-circuit voltage. A good linear correlation between the humidity sensitivity, electrical signal, and bending state of this actuator allows real-time tracking of motion modes with humidity change without an external power supply. This multifunctional soft actuator can be used for engineering smart switches, artificial fingers, and soft robots with trackable and distinguishable motion patterns, as well as sensitive noncontacting humidity sensor and breathing monitors.

中文翻译：

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基于 Ti3C2Tx MXene 的能量收集软执行器，具有自供电湿度感应和实时运动跟踪功能

报告了一种具有湿度驱动驱动、湿度能量收集、自供电湿度传感和实时运动跟踪等多种功能的智能软执行器。它是在 MXene/纤维素/聚苯乙烯磺酸 (PSSA) 复合膜的基础上设计的。该致动器由湿度梯度下的不对称膨胀驱动，期间将湿度的化学势捕获为机械能。同时，梯度水分化学还诱导定向质子扩散以产生具有高功率密度和开路电压的电力。该致动器的湿度灵敏度、电信号和弯曲状态之间良好的线性相关性允许在没有外部电源的情况下实时跟踪湿度变化的运动模式。