Ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis are emerging tickborne diseases that can also be transmitted through blood transfusions or organ transplants. Since 2000, ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis cases in the United States have increased substantially, resulting in potential risk to transplant and transfusion recipients. We reviewed ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis cases among blood transfusion and solid organ transplant recipients in the United States from peer-reviewed literature and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention investigations. We identified 132 cases during 1997–2020, 12 transfusion-associated cases and 120 cases in transplant recipients; 8 cases were donor-derived, and in 13 cases illness occurred <1 year after transplant. Disease in the remaining 99 cases occurred ≥1 year after transplant, suggesting donor-derived disease was unlikely. Severe illness or death were reported among 15 transfusion and transplant recipients. Clinicians should be alert for these possible infections among transfusion and transplant recipients to prevent severe complications or death by quickly treating them.

埃立克体病和无形体病是新兴的蜱传疾病，也可以通过输血或器官移植传播。自 2000 年以来，美国埃立克体病和无形体病病例大幅增加，导致移植和输血受者面临潜在风险。我们从同行评审的文献和疾病控制和预防中心的调查中回顾了美国输血和实体器官移植受者中的埃立克体病和无形体病病例。我们在 1997-2020 年期间确定了 132 例，12 例输血相关病例和 120 例移植受者；8 例为供体来源，13 例在移植后 1 年内发病。其余 99 例的疾病发生在移植后≥1 年，表明供体来源的疾病不太可能。15 名输血和移植受者报告了严重疾病或死亡。临床医生应警惕输血和移植受者中这些可能的感染，以通过快速治疗来预防严重的并发症或死亡。