Background Viral respiratory tract infections (VRTIs) are among the most common diseases, but the risks of superinfection for different virus species have never been compared. Methods Multicenter retrospective study conducted among adults who tested positive for VRTIs with reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction. We compared characteristics between influenza (A or B) and paramyxoviruses (respiratory syncytial virus, parainfluenza virus types 1 and 3, and human metapneumovirus) and identified predictors of superinfection and hospitalization.s Results Five hundred ninety patients had VRTI, including 347 (59%) influenza and 243 paramyxovirus infections with comparable rates of superinfections (53% vs 60%). In multivariate analyses, the predictors of superinfections were age >75 years (adjusted odds ratio, 2.37 [95% confidence interval, 1.65–3.40]), chronic respiratory disease (1.79 [1.20–2.67]), and biological abnormalities, including neutrophil count >7000/µL (1.98 [1.34–2.91)], eosinophil count <50/µL (2.53 [1.61–3.98], and procalcitonin level >0.25ng/mL (2.8 [1.65–4.73]). The predictors of hospitalization were age >75 years old (adjusted odds ratio, 3.49 [95% confidence interval, 2.17–5.63]), paramyxovirus infection (2.28 [1.39–3.75]), long-term use of inhaled corticosteroids (2.49 [1.13–5.49]), and biological abnormalities, including neutrophil count >7000/µL (2.38 [1.37–4.12)] and procalcitonin level >0.25ng/mL (2.49 [1.23–5.02]). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that influenza-infected patients had a higher mortality rate than those with paramyxovirus infections (8.9% vs 4.5%, respectively; P = .02). Conclusions Our study revealed a high rate of superinfection (56%), not related to viral species. However influenza virus was associated with a poorer prognosis than paramyxoviruses, pleading for a broader and large-scale vaccination of individual at risk of VRTIs.

中文翻译：

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流感和副粘病毒之间病毒性呼吸道感染住院和二次感染的预测因子：超流研究

背景病毒性呼吸道感染 (VRTIs) 是最常见的疾病之一，但从未比较过不同病毒种类的重复感染风险。方法 对通过逆转录聚合酶链反应检测出 VRTIs 呈阳性的成年人进行多中心回顾性研究。我们比较了流感（甲型或乙型）和副粘病毒（呼吸道合胞病毒、1 型和 3 型副流感病毒以及人类偏肺病毒）之间的特征，并确定了二重感染和住院的预测因子。s 结果 590 名患者患有 VRTI，其中 347 名（59% ) 流感和 243 例副粘病毒感染，重复感染率相当（53% 对 60%）。在多变量分析中，二重感染的预测因素是年龄 > 75 岁（调整优势比，2.37 [95% 置信区间，结论 我们的研究显示重复感染率很高（56%），与病毒种类无关。然而，与副粘病毒相比，流感病毒的预后较差，因此需要对有 VRTI 风险的个体进行更广泛和大规模的疫苗接种。