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Subendocardial Involvement as an Underrecognized Cardiac MRI Phenotype in Myocarditis
Radiology ( IF 12.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-12 , DOI: 10.1148/radiol.2021211276
Jing-Hui Li 1 , Xi-Qi Xu 1 , Yong-Jian Zhu 1 , Chun-Yan Cheng 1 , Min-Jie Lu 1 , Hong-Yue Wang 1 , Yi-Ning Wang 1 , Zhi-Cheng Jing 1 , Shi-Hua Zhao 1
Affiliation  

Background

Subendocardial late gadolinium enhancement (LGE) detected with cardiac MRI in myocarditis represents a diagnostic dilemma, since it may resemble myocardial ischemia.

Purpose

To explore and compare the histopathologic characteristics and clinical features and outcomes in patients with myocarditis with and without subendocardial involvement at cardiac MRI.

Materials and Methods

This retrospective study evaluated 39 patients with myocarditis pathologically proven by means of either endomyocardial biopsy or explant pathologic findings between 2015 and 2020. Patients were divided into two groups according to cardiac MRI phenotype: 18 with subendocardial involvement (mean age ± standard deviation, 40 years ± 17; 10 women) and 21 with no subendocardial involvement (mean age, 35 years ± 11; six women). The median follow-up period was 784 days (interquartile range [IQR], 90–1123 days). The Student t test, Mann-Whitney U test, and univariable Cox regression were used for statistical analyses.

Results

In the 18 patients with subendocardial involvement, 12 (67%) had lymphocytic myocarditis and six (33%) had giant cell myocarditis. Patients with subendocardial involvement compared with those without subendocardial involvement had lower left ventricular ejection fraction (mean ± standard deviation, 27% ± 11 vs 41% ± 19; P = .004), larger LGE extent (median, 13% [IQR, 10%–22%] vs 5% [IQR, 2%–17%]; P < .001), higher rates of cardiac death or transplant (eight of 18 patients [44%] vs one of 21 patients [4.8%]; P = .006), higher probability of giant cell myocarditis (six of 18 [33%] vs one of 21 [4.8%]; P = .02), and more major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) (15 of 18 [83%] vs seven of 21 [33%]; P = .002). In a subgroup of patients with comparable LGE extent (median, 15% vs 16%; P = .40) and left ventricular ejection fraction (median, 27% vs 31%; P = .26), the prognostic difference in terms of MACE remained (15 of 17 patients [88%] vs five of 10 [50%]; P = .02).

Conclusion

Subendocardial involvement detected with cardiac MRI in myocarditis indicated more severe clinical features, including a higher frequency of severe lymphocytic myocarditis or giant cell myocarditis and worse prognosis.

© RSNA, 2021

See also the editorial by de Roos in this issue.



中文翻译:

心内膜下受累是心肌炎中未被充分认识的心脏 MRI 表型

背景

在心肌炎中用心脏 MRI 检测到的心内膜下晚期钆增强 (LGE) 代表了一个诊断难题,因为它可能类似于心肌缺血。

目的

探讨和比较心脏 MRI 显示有无心内膜下受累的心肌炎患者的组织病理学特征、临床特征和结局。

材料和方法

这项回顾性研究评估了 2015 年至 2020 年间通过心内膜心肌活检或外植体病理结果证实的 39 例心肌炎患者。根据心脏 MRI 表型将患者分为两组:18 例心内膜下受累(平均年龄 ± 标准差,40 岁) ± 17;10 名女性)和 21 名无心内膜下受累(平均年龄,35 岁 ± 11;6 名女性)。中位随访期为 784 天(四分位距 [IQR],90-1123 天)。Student t检验、Mann-Whitney U检验和单变量 Cox 回归用于统计分析。

结果

在 18 名心内膜下受累患者中,12 名(67%)患有淋巴细胞性心肌炎,6 名(33%)患有巨细胞性心肌炎。与没有心内膜下受累的患者相比,有心内膜下受累的患者左心室射血分数较低(平均值±标准差,27%±11 vs 41%±19;P = .004),较大的 LGE 范围(中位数,13% [IQR,10 %–22%] vs 5% [IQR, 2%–17%];P < .001),更高的心脏死亡率或移植率(18 名患者中的 8 名 [44%] 对 21 名患者中的一名 [4.8%];P = .006),巨细胞性心肌炎的概率更高(18 例中的 6 例 [33%] vs 21 例中的 1 例 [4.8%];P = .02),以及更多的主要心血管不良事件 (MACE)(18 例中的 15 例 [83 %] 与 21 人中的 7 人 [33%];P= .002)。在 LGE 范围(中位数,15% 对 16%;P = .40)和左心室射血分数(中位数,27% 对 31%;P = .26)的患者亚组中,MACE 的预后差异仍然存在(17 名患者中的 15 名 [88%] 对 10 名中的 5 名 [50%];P = .02)。

结论

在心肌炎中通过心脏 MRI 检测到心内膜下受累表明更严重的临床特征,包括更高频率的严重淋巴细胞性心肌炎或巨细胞性心肌炎和更差的预后。

© 北美放射学会,2021

另见本期 de Roos 的社论。

更新日期:2021-12-20
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