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Bonnet and Isotropically Isothermic Surfaces in 4-Dimensional Space Forms
The Journal of Geometric Analysis ( IF 1.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-04 , DOI: 10.1007/s12220-021-00719-9
Kleanthis Polymerakis 1
Affiliation  

We study the Bonnet problem for surfaces in 4-dimensional space forms, namely, to what extent a surface is determined by the metric and the mean curvature. Two isometric surfaces have the same mean curvature if there exists a parallel vector bundle isometry between their normal bundles that preserves the mean curvature vector fields. We deal with the structure of the moduli space of congruence classes of isometric surfaces with the same mean curvature and with properties inherited on a surface by this structure. The study of this problem led us to a new conformally invariant property, called isotropic isothermicity, that coincides with the usual concept of isothermicity for surfaces lying in totally umbilical hypersurfaces, and is related to lines of curvature and infinitesimal isometric deformations that preserve the mean curvature vector field. The class of isotropically isothermic surfaces includes the one of surfaces with a vertically harmonic Gauss lift and particularly the minimal surfaces, and overlaps with that of isothermic surfaces without containing the entire class. We show that if a simply connected surface is not proper Bonnet, which means that the moduli space is a finite set, then it admits either at most one, or exactly three Bonnet mates. For simply connected proper Bonnet surfaces, the moduli space is either 1-dimensional with at most two connected components diffeomorphic to the circle, or the 2-dimensional torus. We prove that simply connected Bonnet surfaces lying in totally geodesic hypersurfaces of the ambient space as surfaces of non-constant mean curvature always admit Bonnet mates that do not lie in any totally umbilical hypersurface. Such surfaces either admit exactly three Bonnet mates, or they are proper Bonnet with moduli space the torus. We show that isotropic isothermicity characterizes the proper Bonnet surfaces, and we provide relevant conditions for non-existence of Bonnet mates for compact surfaces. Moreover, we study compact surfaces that are locally proper Bonnet, and we prove that the existence of a uniform substructure on the local moduli spaces characterizes surfaces with a vertically harmonic Gauss lift that are neither minimal, nor superconformal. In particular, we show that the only compact, locally proper Bonnet surfaces with moduli space the torus, are those with nonvanishing parallel mean curvature vector field and positive genus.



中文翻译:

4 维空间形式的阀盖和各向同性等温面

我们研究了 4 维空间形式的曲面的 Bonnet 问题,即曲面在多大程度上由度量和平均曲率决定。如果两个等距曲面的法线束之间存在平行矢量束等距,则它们具有相同的平均曲率,该等距曲面保留了平均曲率矢量场。我们处理具有相同平均曲率的等距曲面的同余类的模空间的结构,以及通过该结构在曲面上继承的属性。对这个问题的研究使我们得到了一个新的共形不变特性,称为各向同性等温性,它与位于完全脐带超曲面中的表面的等温性的通常概念相吻合,并且与保持平均曲率的曲率线和无穷小等距变形有关矢量场。各向同性等温面类包括具有垂直谐波高斯升力的面之一,特别是最小面,与等温面重叠而不包含整个类。我们表明,如果一个简单连接的表面不是合适的 Bonnet,这意味着模空间是一个有限集,那么它最多允许一个或正好三个 Bonnet 配合。对于简单连接的适当 Bonnet 表面,模空间要么是一维的,最多有两个连接的分量与圆微分,要么是二维的环面。我们证明简单连接的 Bonnet 曲面位于环境空间的完全测地超曲面中,作为非常数平均曲率的曲面,总是允许不位于任何完全脐带超曲面中的 Bonnet 配对。这样的表面或者恰好允许三个阀盖配合,或者它们是具有模量空间环面的适当阀盖。我们表明各向同性等温性表征了适当的阀盖表面,并且我们为紧凑表面的阀盖配合不存在提供了相关条件。此外,我们研究了局部适当 Bonnet 的紧凑表面,我们证明了局部模空间上均匀子结构的存在表征具有既非最小也非超共形的垂直谐波高斯升力的表面。特别是,我们表明唯一具有模空间环面的紧凑、局部适当的 Bonnet 表面是那些具有非零平行平均曲率矢量场和正属的表面。我们表明各向同性等温性表征了适当的阀盖表面,并且我们为紧凑表面的阀盖配合不存在提供了相关条件。此外,我们研究了局部适当 Bonnet 的紧凑表面,我们证明了局部模空间上均匀子结构的存在表征具有既非最小也非超共形的垂直谐波高斯升力的表面。特别是,我们证明了具有模空间环面的唯一紧凑的、局部适当的 Bonnet 表面是那些具有非零平行平均曲率矢量场和正属的表面。我们表明各向同性等温性表征了适当的阀盖表面,并且我们为紧凑表面的阀盖配合不存在提供了相关条件。此外,我们研究了局部适当 Bonnet 的紧凑表面,我们证明了局部模空间上均匀子结构的存在表征具有既非最小也非超共形的垂直谐波高斯升力的表面。特别是,我们证明了具有模空间环面的唯一紧凑的、局部适当的 Bonnet 表面是那些具有非零平行平均曲率矢量场和正属的表面。我们证明了局部模空间上均匀子结构的存在表征了具有既非最小也非超共形的垂直谐波高斯升力的表面。特别是,我们证明了具有模空间环面的唯一紧凑的、局部适当的 Bonnet 表面是那些具有非零平行平均曲率矢量场和正属的表面。我们证明了局部模空间上均匀子结构的存在表征了具有既非最小也非超共形的垂直谐波高斯升力的表面。特别是,我们表明唯一具有模空间环面的紧凑、局部适当的 Bonnet 表面是那些具有非零平行平均曲率矢量场和正属的表面。

更新日期:2021-10-12
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