Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons inp↑+pCollisions ats=200GeV,Physical Review Letters

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Probing Gluon Spin-Momentum Correlations in Transversely Polarized Protons through Midrapidity Isolated Direct Photons inp↑+pCollisions ats=200GeV
Physical Review Letters ( IF 8.1 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-12 , DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.162001
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Affiliation

Georgia State University, Atlanta, Georgia 30303, USA.
Department of Physics, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109-1040, USA.
RIKEN Nishina Center for Accelerator-Based Science, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan.
RIKEN BNL Research Center, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Howard University, Washington, D.C. 20059, USA.
Iowa State University, Ames, Iowa 50011, USA.
Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
Physics Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
IHEP Protvino, State Research Center of Russian Federation, Institute for High Energy Physics, Protvino 142281, Russia.
Department of Physics, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9337, USA.
University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California 92521, USA.
Baruch College, City University of New York, New York, New York 10010, USA.
University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, USA.
Physics and Astronomy Department, University of North Carolina at Greensboro, Greensboro, North Carolina 27412, USA.
Saint Petersburg State Polytechnic University, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.
Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235, USA.
National Research Center "Kurchatov Institute," Moscow, 123098 Russia.
National Research Nuclear University, MEPhI, Moscow Engineering Physics Institute, Moscow 115409, Russia.
New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, New Mexico 88003, USA.
Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA.
Columbia University, New York, New York 10027 and Nevis Laboratories, Irvington, New York 10533, USA.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3800, USA.
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA.
Jeonbuk National University, Jeonju 54896, Korea.
Weizmann Institute, Rehovot 76100, Israel.
ELTE, Eötvös Loránd University, H-1117 Budapest, Pázmány P. s. 1/A, Hungary.
Eszterházy Károly University, Károly Róbert Campus, H-3200 Gyöngyös, Mátrai út 36, Hungary.
Institute for Particle and Nuclear Physics, Wigner Research Centre for Physics, Hungarian Academy of Sciences (Wigner RCP, RMKI) H-1525 Budapest 114, P.O. Box 49, Budapest, Hungary.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA.
Abilene Christian University, Abilene, Texas 79699, USA.
University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131, USA.
Yonsei University, IPAP, Seoul 120-749, Korea.
Collider-Accelerator Department, Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, New York 11973-5000, USA.
Physics Department, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 171-8501, Japan.
Tomonaga Center for the History of the Universe, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305, Japan.
Muhlenberg College, Allentown, Pennsylvania 18104-5586, USA.
Charles University, Ovocný trh 5, Praha 1, 116 36 Prague, Czech Republic.
Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA.
Czech Technical University, Zikova 4, 166 36 Prague 6, Czech Republic.
Department of Physics, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi 221005, India.
Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA.
Center for Nuclear Study, Graduate School of Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan.
Nara Women's University, Kita-uoya Nishi-machi Nara 630-8506, Japan.
Ewha Womans University, Seoul 120-750, Korea.
Korea University, Seoul 02841, Korea.
Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas 77004, USA.
Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, 2-4 Shirakata Shirane, Tokai-mura, Naka-gun, Ibaraki-ken 319-1195, Japan.
Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan.
PNPI, Petersburg Nuclear Physics Institute, Gatchina, Leningrad region 188300, Russia.
IPN-Orsay, Univ. Paris-Sud, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Saclay, BP1, F-91406 Orsay, France.
Department of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Korea.
Pusan National University, Pusan 46241, Korea.
Debrecen University, H-4010 Debrecen, Egyetem tér 1, Hungary.
Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Zagreb, Bijenička c. 32 HR-10002 Zagreb, Croatia.
University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA.
Bhabha Atomic Research Centre, Bombay 400 085, India.
KEK, High Energy Accelerator Research Organization, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-0801, Japan.
Department of Physics, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Oh-okayama, Meguro, Tokyo 152-8551, Japan.
University of Tennessee, Knoxville, Tennessee 37996, USA.
Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, Florida 32307, USA.
Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, Tennessee 37831, USA.
Department of Physics, Lund University, Box 118, SE-221 00 Lund, Sweden.
Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, prospekt 60-letiya Oktyabrya 7a, Moscow 117312, Russia.
Chemistry Department, Stony Brook University, SUNY, Stony Brook, New York 11794-3400, USA.
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California 94550, USA.
IPNL, CNRS/IN2P3, Univ Lyon, Universit Lyon 1, F-69622 Villeurbanne, France.
Institute of Physics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Prague 8, Czech Republic.
Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China.

Studying spin-momentum correlations in hadronic collisions offers a glimpse into a three-dimensional picture of proton structure. The transverse single-spin asymmetry for midrapidity isolated direct photons in

p^{↑} + p

collisions at

\sqrt{s} = 200 GeV

is measured with the PHENIX detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC). Because direct photons in particular are produced from the hard scattering and do not interact via the strong force, this measurement is a clean probe of initial-state spin-momentum correlations inside the proton and is in particular sensitive to gluon interference effects within the proton. This is the first time direct photons have been used as a probe of spin-momentum correlations at RHIC. The uncertainties on the results are a 50-fold improvement with respect to those of the one prior measurement for the same observable, from the Fermilab E704 experiment. These results constrain gluon spin-momentum correlations in transversely polarized protons.

中文翻译：

通过中速隔离直接光子 inp↑+pCollisions ats=200GeV 探测横向极化质子中的胶子自旋动量相关性

研究强子碰撞中的自旋动量相关性提供了对质子结构的三维图像的一瞥。中速隔离直接光子的横向单自旋不对称性

磷^{↑} + 磷

碰撞在

\sqrt{秒} = 200 电子伏特

使用相对论重离子对撞机 (RHIC) 上的 PHENIX 探测器测量。由于直接光子特别是由硬散射产生并且不会通过强力相互作用，因此该测量是质子内部初始状态自旋动量相关性的干净探测，并且对质子内的胶子干涉效应特别敏感。这是 RHIC 首次将直接光子用作自旋动量相关性的探针。结果的不确定性相对于费米实验室 E704 实验中相同可观察量的一次先前测量的不确定性提高了 50 倍。这些结果限制了横向极化质子中的胶子自旋动量相关性。

更新日期：2021-10-12

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