ABSTRACT

The perspective of critical realism in the reflection on a ‘human being' excludes any constructivist or subjectivist concepts of the ‘black hole' of language. This seems essential, in philosophy and psychology, but also in sociology. My point of departure is Émile Durkheim's concept of homo duplex on the ground of realistic phenomenology (Roman Ingarden, Edith Stein). However, I believe that the problems require the perspective of critical realism. They find their resolution in Margaret Archer's concept of human being, which is the most outstanding theoretical thought of the contemporary humanities. This leads me to reflect on the sense of the concept of subjectivity, which gives the opportunity to grasp the sense of humanity in realistic terms. I am proposing a three-fold formula for subjectivity which leads beyond the important, but not the only dimension, which is that of agency. This approach may be useful in this time of civilizational crisis.

摘要

对“人”的反思中批判现实主义的观点排除了语言“黑洞”的任何建构主义或主观主义概念。这在哲学和心理学中似乎是必不可少的，但在社会学中也是如此。我的出发点是 Émile Durkheim 基于现实现象学（Roman Ingarden, Edith Stein）提出的同质双工概念。但是，我认为这些问题需要批判现实主义的视角。他们在玛格丽特·阿彻的人的概念中找到了解决之道，这是当代人文学科最杰出的理论思想。这促使我反思主体性概念的意义，从而有机会以现实的方式把握人性。我提出了一个超越重要的主观性的三重公式，但不是唯一的维度，即代理的维度。在这个文明危机时期，这种方法可能有用。