Multiple-input multiple-output orthogonal frequency division multiplexing with index modulation (MIMO-OFDM-IM) has recently received increased attention, due to the potential advantage to balance the trade-off between spectral efficiency (SE) and energy efficiency (EE). In this paper, we investigate the application of MIMO-OFDM-IM to millimeter wave (mmWave) communication systems, where a hybrid analogy-digital (HAD) beamforming architecture is employed. Taking advantage of the Pareto-optimal beam design, we propose a feasible solution to approximately achieve a globally Pareto-optimal trade-off between SE and EE, and the collision constraints of the multi-objective optimization problem (MOP) can be solved efficiently. Correspondingly, the MOP of SE-EE trade-off can be converted into a feasible solution for energy-efficient resource usage, by finding the Pareto-optimal set (POS) towards the Pareto front. This combinatorial-oriented resource allocation approach on the SE-EE relation considers the optimal beam design and power control strategies for downlink multi-user mmWave transmission. To ease the system performance evaluation, we adopt the Poisson point process (PPP) to model the mobile data traffic, and the evolutionary algorithm is applied to speed up the search efficiency of the Pareto front. Compared with benchmarks, the experimental results collected from extensive simulations demonstrate that the proposed optimization approach is vastly superior to existing algorithms.

中文翻译：

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带索引调制的毫米波 MIMO-OFDM：频谱-能量效率权衡的帕累托范式


由于具有平衡频谱效率（SE）和能量效率（EE）之间的潜在优势，带有索引调制的多输入多输出正交频分复用（MIMO-OFDM-IM）最近受到越来越多的关注。在本文中，我们研究了 MIMO-OFDM-IM 在毫米波 (mmWave) 通信系统中的应用，其中采用了混合模拟数字 (HAD) 波束成形架构。利用帕累托最优梁设计，我们提出了一种可行的解决方案来近似实现SE和EE之间的全局帕累托最优权衡，并且可以有效地解决多目标优化问题（MOP）的碰撞约束。相应地，通过寻找帕累托前沿的帕累托最优集（POS），SE-EE权衡的MOP可以转化为节能资源使用的可行解决方案。这种基于 SE-EE 关系的面向组合的资源分配方法考虑了下行链路多用户毫米波传输的最佳波束设计和功率控制策略。为了便于系统性能评估，我们采用泊松点过程（PPP）对移动数据流量进行建模，并应用进化算法来加快Pareto前沿的搜索效率。与基准相比，从广泛模拟中收集的实验结果表明，所提出的优化方法远远优于现有算法。