ABSTRACT

Aim

To review the available literature on poppers maculopathy (PM).

Material and methods

Sixty-four patients (60 with bilateral and 4 with unilateral involvement), for a total of 124 eyes were reported in PubMed, Google Scholar and Embase. Patterns were analyzed according to country, age, gender, sexual orientation, HIV status, consumption habits, visual acuity at presentation (VAP), final visual acuity (VAF) and optical coherence tomography (OCT).

Results

Most cases (110 eyes) of PM were reported in European countries and affected middle-aged men (only 8 eyes from female users). The median age was 38.7 years (SD = 10.5 years). Final visual acuity (Median = 0.8; Interquartile range: 0.67–1) was higher than visual acuity at presentation (Median = 0.67; Interquartile range: 0.4–0.8). Many articles lack data on sexual orientation and HIV status as this is considered very personal information. One third of the eyes (40 eyes) developed PM after a single exposure. No significant differences were found between eyes that developed PM after a single exposure and those which developed the condition after several exposures. The most commonly reported pattern was an interruption of the ellipsoid line (68 eyes).

Conclusion

PM is more prevalent in Europe or European ophthalmologists are more likely to diagnose PM. PM usually affects middle-aged men given that this condition generally appears with chronic exposure to poppers. VAF was higher than VAP, suggesting that this toxicity is in part reversible. Information about HIV status was not provided in most recent articles, thus it is not possible to make inferences about the possible implication of HIV drugs as cofactors for the development of this retinal toxicity.

中文翻译：

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Poppers 黄斑病变：对以往文献的定量回顾

摘要

目标

回顾有关 poppers 黄斑病变 (PM) 的现有文献。

材料与方法

PubMed、Google Scholar 和 Embase 报告了 64 名患者（60 名双侧和 4 名单侧受累），共 124 只眼。根据国家、年龄、性别、性取向、艾滋病毒感染状况、消费习惯、就诊时视力 (VAP)、最终视力 (VAF) 和光学相干断层扫描 (OCT) 分析模式。

结果

大多数 PM 病例（110 只眼）报告于欧洲国家并影响中年男性（女性用户仅 8 只眼）。中位年龄为 38.7 岁（SD = 10.5 岁）。最终视力（中位数 = 0.8；四分位数范围：0.67-1）高于呈现时的视力（中位数 = 0.67；四分位数范围：0.4-0.8）。许多文章缺乏关于性取向和艾滋病毒状况的数据，因为这被认为是非常私人的信息。单次暴露后，三分之一的眼睛（40 只眼睛）发展为 PM。在单次暴露后发展为 PM 的眼睛与在几次暴露后发展为 PM 的眼睛之间没有发现显着差异。最常报道的模式是椭圆体线的中断（68 只眼睛）。

结论

PM 在欧洲更为普遍，或者欧洲眼科医生更有可能诊断 PM。PM 通常会影响中年男性，因为这种情况通常出现在长期接触 poppers 的情况下。VAF 高于 VAP，表明这种毒性在一定程度上是可逆的。最近的文章中没有提供有关 HIV 状态的信息，因此不可能推断 HIV 药物作为这种视网膜毒性发展的辅助因素的可能影响。