Release of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles from sewage sludge incineration ash,Environmental Science: Nano

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Release of gold (Au), silver (Ag) and cerium dioxide (CeO2) nanoparticles from sewage sludge incineration ash
Environmental Science: Nano ( IF 5.8 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 , DOI: 10.1039/d1en00497b
Jonas Wielinski _{1,

2} , Alexander Gogos _{1,

3} , Andreas Voegelin ₁ , Christoph R Müller ₄ , Eberhard Morgenroth _{1,

2} , Ralf Kaegi ₁

Affiliation

Engineered nanoparticles (NPs) that are released into wastewater are retained by wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) and accumulate in sewage sludge. Increasing shares of sludge are incinerated and landfilled, especially in industrialized countries. It is debated whether certain types of NPs can outlive the incineration process and subsequently be released from sewage sludge ash (SSA) landfills. To investigate the release of different types of NPs from SSA, we spiked gold (Au), silver (Ag) and cerium dioxide (CeO₂) NPs to a pilot WWTP increasing the Au, Ag and Ce concentrations to 30, 43 and 389 mg kg⁻¹ (dry matter basis) in the digested sludge. The spiked sludge was incinerated in a pilot fluidized bed reactor resulting in SSA with Au, Ag and Ce concentrations of 61, 103 and 854 mg kg⁻¹. In addition, two sludge samples from a full-scale WWTP with Au concentrations of 5 and 16 mg kg⁻¹ were incinerated, resulting in SSA with 9 mg kg⁻¹ and 30 mg kg⁻¹ Au. The spiked Au-NPs remain largely unaltered during the wastewater treatment and incineration process, whereas Ag-NPs and CeO₂-NPs undergo transformation. During simulated landfill leaching in columns flushed with 400 to 500 pore volumes of artificial rainwater, Ag and Ce were retained in the ash, whereas about 17% of the spiked Au was released, mainly in particulate form. Lower fractions of mostly particulate Au were released from the ashes (3 and 9%) of unspiked SSA. In conclusion, unaltered Au-NPs significantly leach from landfilled SSA, whereas the incorporation of Ag-NPs and CeO₂-NPs as transformed species into the SSA matrix limits the leaching of (nano)particulate and dissolved Ag and Ce compounds.

中文翻译：

从污水污泥焚烧灰中释放金 (Au)、银 (Ag) 和二氧化铈 (CeO2) 纳米粒子

释放到废水中的工程纳米颗粒 (NP) 被废水处理厂 (WWTP) 截留并积聚在污水污泥中。越来越多的污泥被焚烧和填埋，特别是在工业化国家。某些类型的 NP 是否可以在焚烧过程中存活并随后从污水污泥灰分 (SSA) 垃圾填埋场中释放出来，这是有争议的。为了研究不同类型 NP 从 SSA 中的释放，我们将金 (Au)、银 (Ag) 和二氧化铈 (CeO ₂ ) NP 添加到试点污水处理厂，将 Au、Ag 和 Ce 的浓度增加到 30、43 和 389 毫克公斤^-1（干物质基础）在消化污泥中。掺入的污泥在中试流化床反应器中焚烧，产生金、银和铈浓度为 61、103 和 854 mg kg ^{-1 的}SSA 。此外，来自全规模污水处理厂的两个污泥样品的 Au 浓度分别为 5 和 16 mg kg ^-1被焚化，产生具有 9 mg kg ^-1和 30 mg kg ^-1 Au 的SSA 。在废水处理和焚烧过程中，掺入的 Au-NPs 基本保持不变，而 Ag-NPs 和 CeO ₂-NPs 经历转化。在用 400 到 500 孔体积的人工雨水冲洗的柱子中模拟垃圾填埋浸出过程中，Ag 和 Ce 保留在灰烬中，而大约 17% 的掺金金被释放，主要以颗粒形式。从未加标 SSA 的灰烬（3% 和 9%）中释放出较低比例的主要颗粒金。总之，未改变的 Au-NPs 从填埋的 SSA 中显着浸出，而将 Ag-NPs 和 CeO ₂ -NPs 作为转化物质加入 SSA 基质中限制了（纳米）微粒和溶解的 Ag 和 Ce 化合物的浸出。

更新日期：2021-10-12

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