The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants with mutations in major neutralizing antibody-binding sites can affect humoral immunity induced by infection or vaccination^1,2,3,4,5,6. Here we analysed the development of anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibody and T cell responses in individuals who were previously infected (recovered) or uninfected (naive) and received mRNA vaccines to SARS-CoV-2. While individuals who were previously infected sustained higher antibody titres than individuals who were uninfected post-vaccination, the latter reached comparable levels of neutralization responses to the ancestral strain after the second vaccine dose. T cell activation markers measured upon spike or nucleocapsid peptide in vitro stimulation showed a progressive increase after vaccination. Comprehensive analysis of plasma neutralization using 16 authentic isolates of distinct locally circulating SARS-CoV-2 variants revealed a range of reduction in the neutralization capacity associated with specific mutations in the spike gene: lineages with E484K and N501Y/T (for example, B.1.351 and P.1) had the greatest reduction, followed by lineages with L452R (for example, B.1.617.2). While both groups retained neutralization capacity against all variants, plasma from individuals who were previously infected and vaccinated displayed overall better neutralization capacity than plasma from individuals who were uninfected and also received two vaccine doses, pointing to vaccine boosters as a relevant future strategy to alleviate the effect of emerging variants on antibody neutralizing activity.

主要中和抗体结合位点发生突变的 SARS-CoV-2 变体的出现可能会影响感染或疫苗接种诱导的体液免疫^1,2,3,4,5,6 。在这里，我们分析了先前感染（康复）或未感染（未感染）并接受 SARS-CoV-2 mRNA 疫苗的个体中抗 SARS-CoV-2 抗体和 T 细胞反应的发展。虽然先前感染的个体比接种后未感染的个体持续更高的抗体滴度，但后者在第二剂疫苗接种后达到了对祖先毒株的中和反应水平。在体外刺激刺突或核衣壳肽时测量的 T 细胞活化标记物在疫苗接种后显示逐渐增加。使用 16 个不同的本地流行 SARS-CoV-2 变体的真实分离株对血浆中和进行综合分析，揭示了与刺突基因中特定突变相关的中和能力的一系列降低：具有 E484K 和 N501Y/T 的谱系（例如，B. 1.351 和 P.1) 的减少幅度最大，其次是具有 L452R 的谱系（例如，B.1.617.2）。虽然两组都保留了针对所有变体的中和能力，但来自先前感染并接种疫苗的个体的血浆总体上表现出比未感染且接受两剂疫苗的个体的血浆更好的中和能力，这表明疫苗加强剂是缓解这种情况的未来相关策略。新出现的变体对抗体中和活性的影响。