To guide future exploration, this predominantly field based study has investigated the structural evolution of the central Kiruna area, the type locality for iron oxide-apatite deposits that stands for a significant amount of the European iron ore production. Using a combination of geologic mapping focusing on structures and stratigraphy, petrography with focus on microstructures, X-ray computed tomography imaging of sulfide-structure relationships, and structural 2D-forward modeling, a structural framework is provided including spatial-temporal relationships between iron oxide-apatite emplacement, subeconomic Fe and Cu sulfide mineralization, and deformation. These relationships are important to constrain as a guidance for exploration in iron oxide-apatite and iron oxide copper-gold prospective terrains and may help to understand the genesis of these deposit types. Results suggest that the iron oxide-apatite deposits were emplaced in an intracontinental back-arc basin, and they formed precrustal shortening under shallow crustal conditions. Subsequent east-west crustal shortening under greenschist facies metamorphism inverted the basin along steep to moderately steep E-dipping structures, often subparallel with bedding and lithological contacts, with reverse, oblique to dip-slip, east-block-up sense of shears. Fe and Cu sulfides associated with Fe oxides are hosted by structures formed during the basin inversion and are spatially related to the iron oxide-apatite deposits but formed in fundamentally different structural settings and are separated in time. The inverted basin was gently refolded and later affected by hydraulic fracturing, which represent the last recorded deformation-hydrothermal events affecting the crustal architecture of central Kiruna.

中文翻译：

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瑞典北博滕省中央基律纳地区的结构演化：对生成氧化铁磷灰石和表生铁和硫化铜的地质环境的影响

为了指导未来的勘探，这项主要以实地为基础的研究调查了基律纳中部地区的结构演化，该地区是氧化铁磷灰石矿床的典型产地，代表着欧洲大量铁矿石生产。结合以结构和地层学为重点的地质绘图、以微观结构为重点的岩相学、硫化物-结构关系的 X 射线计算机断层扫描成像以及结构 2D 正向建模，提供了一个结构框架，包括氧化铁之间的时空关系-磷灰石就位、次经济的 Fe 和 Cu 硫化物矿化和变形。这些关系对于限制作为在氧化铁-磷灰石和氧化铁铜-金前景地形中勘探的指导很重要，并且可能有助于了解这些矿床类型的成因。结果表明，氧化铁-磷灰石矿床位于陆内弧后盆地，在浅地壳条件下形成前地壳缩短。随后绿片岩相变质作用下的东西向地壳缩短使盆地沿陡峭至中等陡峭的 E 倾构造倒置，通常与层理和岩性接触几乎平行，具有反向、斜向倾滑、东向阻塞的剪切感。与 Fe 氧化物相关的 Fe 和 Cu 硫化物由盆地反转期间形成的结构承载，在空间上与氧化铁-磷灰石矿床相关，但形成于根本不同的结构环境中，并且在时间上是分开的。倒置盆地被轻轻地重新折叠，后来受到水力压裂的影响，这是影响基律纳中部地壳结构的最后记录的变形-热液事件。