In the past few years, social epistemologists have developed several formal models of the social organisation of science. While their robustness and representational adequacy has been analysed at length, the function of these models has begun to be discussed in more general terms only recently. In this article, I will interpret many of the current formal models of the scientific community as representing the latest development of what I will call the ‘Kuhnian project’. These models share with Kuhn a number of questions about the relation between individuals and communities. At the same time, they also inherit some of Kuhn’s problematic characterisations of the scientific community. In particular, current models of the social organisation of science represent the scientific community as essentially value-free. This may put into question both their representational adequacy and their normative ambitions. In the end, it will be shown that the discussion on the formal models of the scientific community may contribute in fruitful ways to the ongoing debates on value judgements in science.

在过去的几年里，社会认识论者已经开发了几种科学的社会组织的正式模型。虽然已经详细分析了它们的稳健性和代表性充分性，但直到最近才开始以更一般的术语讨论这些模型的功能。在本文中，我将科学界当前的许多正式模型解释为代表我将称之为“库恩计划”的最新发展。这些模型与库恩分享了许多关于个人与社区之间关系的问题。同时，他们也继承了库恩对科学界的一些有问题的特征。特别是，科学社会组织的当前模型将科学共同体描述为本质上是无价值的。这可能会对他们的代表性和规范性抱负提出质疑。最后，将表明对科学界正式模型的讨论可能会以富有成效的方式对正在进行的关于科学价值判断的辩论做出贡献。