The growing wave of digitization in power grids is bringing increased reliance on information and communication technologies (ICT) for the operation of the grid. Such cyber–physical power systems (CPPS) involve the interaction of the physics of the power grid with the performance of other engineered systems, such as communications and time-synchronization. To understand the interplay of such interactions, experimentation is required. However, there are very limited opportunities to perform experiments on actual CPPS systems, due to safety and security concerns. Nevertheless, the demand for more functionalities on cyber components will continue to rise, and thus, other means to understand CPPS behavior for design, implementation and testing are needed.

To address this gap, a real-time simulator-based power system laboratory was implemented with the objective of facilitating experiments involving precision timing and communication networking systems which are coupled with power grid models running in real-time. These are integrated in three layers: (a) Precise Timing Layer, (b) Communication/Network Layer, and (c) Electrical Component Layer. This paper reports on detailed experiments performed on the precision timing and communication layers of the laboratory. It shows how to couple the different layers together, and how to conduct experiments to tamper with both the precision timing and communication layers, along with their interactions with the simulated grid. Finally, the paper shows how to validate the Quality of Service (QoS) rules implemented in virtual local area networks (VLANs) in the laboratory environment when using different power system communication protocols.

不断增长的电网数字化浪潮使电网运行越来越依赖信息和通信技术 (ICT)。这种网络物理电力系统 (CPPS) 涉及电网物理与其他工程系统性能的相互作用，例如通信和时间同步。要了解这种相互作用的相互作用，需要进行实验。然而，由于安全和安保问题，在实际CPPS 系统上进行实验的机会非常有限。尽管如此，对网络组件更多功能的需求将继续上升，因此需要其他方法来了解 CPPS 的设计、实施和测试行为。

为了弥补这一差距，我们实施了一个基于实时模拟器的电力系统实验室，目的是促进涉及精确定时和通信网络系统的实验，这些系统与实时运行的电网模型相结合。它们集成在三层：(a) 精确定时层，(b) 通信/网络层，和 (c) 电气组件层。本文报告了在实验室的精密定时和通信层上进行的详细实验。它展示了如何将不同的层耦合在一起，以及如何进行实验以篡改精密定时和通信层，以及它们与模拟网格的交互。最后，