This paper focuses on Combined Cooling, Heating, and Power (CCHP) systems, as the key flexible entities in the distribution networks (DNs) which can present their surplus capacities for dealing with outages through participating in Service Restoration Programs (SRPs). To this end, a three-stage hierarchical market framework is developed to conduct all interactions between CCHPs’ operators and Distribution System Operator (DSO) in normal operating, pre-, and post-outage conditions. The bidding problem of CCHPs for participating in SRPs is investigated in both pre- and post-outage stages. In order to use the full capability of CCHPs, the stored energy in their Energy Storage System (ESS) is incorporated in their bids. An efficient optimization model is proposed to overcome the complexity of the bidding problem related to ESSs’ inter-temporal constraints and to compensate all the imposed costs on CCHPs due to the rescheduling of ESSs. The numerical results confirm the effectiveness of the proposed bidding model in SRPs.

本文重点介绍冷热电联产 (CCHP) 系统，作为配电网络 (DN) 中的关键灵活实体，可通过参与服务恢复计划 (SRP) 展示其处理停电的剩余能力。为此，开发了一个三级分层市场框架，以在正常运行、停电前和停电后条件下进行热电联供运营商和配电系统运营商 (DSO) 之间的所有互动。热电联产参与 SRP 的投标问题在停运前和停运后阶段进行了研究。为了充分利用 CCHP 的能力，其储能系统 (ESS) 中存储的能量被纳入其投标。提出了一种有效的优化模型，以克服与 ESS 跨时约束相关的投标问题的复杂性，并补偿由于 ESS 重新调度而对 CCHP 施加的所有成本。数值结果证实了所提出的投标模型在 SRP 中的有效性。