Adolescent preferences for non-mainstream types of rock music can be markers of adolescent problem behaviors, but no study has ever investigated whether this relationship continues into adulthood. In a six-wave study, 900 Dutch adolescents were followed from ages 12 to 21 (Mage T1 12.4, 51.1% girls), while reporting on depressive symptoms, mental well-being, aggression and drug use. A latent class growth analysis on their preferences for specific types of rock music revealed four fan groups. When these fan groups were compared to one another, in adolescence, the all-out rock fans displayed the highest peak in depressive symptoms and the lowest dip in well-being and the rock/metal fans reported the most aggression. And for both these groups, drug use increased at the onset of adulthood. Pop fans displayed a profile characterized by low depressive symptoms and aggression, and high in mental well-being. Finally, the popular rock fans held an in-between position between pop fans, on one side, and the all-out rock fans and rock/metal fans, on the other side. Thus, music preferences can be markers of problems, not only in adolescence but also in young adulthood. Still, music can enhance mood, helps to cope with problems, and peers in fan groups can provide support. This research focuses on the relationship between music and problem behaviors, specifically among members of the all-out rock fans and rock/metal fans, but many of these young people might have had more personal problems if they had not had their music and their fan-group peers.

青少年对非主流摇滚音乐的偏好可能是青少年问题行为的标志，但没有研究调查过这种关系是否会持续到成年。在一项六波研究中，对 900 名 12 至 21 岁的荷兰青少年（Mage T1 12.4，51.1% 的女孩）进行了随访，同时报告了抑郁症状、心理健康、攻击性和吸毒情况。对他们对特定类型摇滚音乐偏好的潜在阶级增长分析揭示了四个粉丝群体。当这些粉丝群体相互比较时，在青春期，全力以赴的摇滚粉丝表现出抑郁症状的最高峰和最低的幸福感下降，而摇滚/金属粉丝报告了最大的侵略性。对于这两个群体，药物使用在成年期开始增加。流行歌迷表现出的特点是抑郁症状和攻击性低，心理健康水平高。最后，流行的摇滚乐迷一方面是流行歌迷，另一方面是全力以赴的摇滚乐迷和摇滚/金属乐迷之间的中间位置。因此，音乐偏好可以成为问题的标志，不仅在青春期，而且在青年期。尽管如此，音乐可以增强情绪，帮助解决问题，粉丝团中的同龄人可以提供支持。这项研究侧重于音乐与问题行为之间的关系，特别是在全力以赴的摇滚乐迷和摇滚/金属乐迷的成员中，但如果没有他们的音乐和他们的粉丝，这些年轻人中的许多人可能会遇到更多的个人问题-组同行。