Transplantation is a remarkable treatment that gives a “second chance” of life to patients with end-stage organ failure. Unfortunately, this exposes the transplanted organ or allograft to the recipient’s immunity, predisposing the allograft to acute rejection, a dreadful complication, and a major risk factor for allograft loss. To preserve the allograft’s health, providers carefully monitor their patients to maintain immunosuppression adequacy, toward balancing the risk of rejection and infection. Monitoring approaches vary substantially among providers and transplant programs. Generally, monitoring encompasses biopsy of the allograft for histopathology and light microscopy to assess rejection, measurement of the allograft function (creatinine for kidney, pulmonary function test for lung, liver function test for liver, echocardiography for heart), measurement of immune activity with donor-specific antibody (DSA) testing, and assessment of immunosuppression adequacy by measuring immunosuppression drug blood concentrations.

中文翻译：

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移植监测的分子方法；地平线在这里吗？

移植是一种非凡的治疗方法，它为终末期器官衰竭患者提供了“第二次机会”。不幸的是，这会使移植的器官或同种异体移植物暴露于受体的免疫力，使同种异体移植物易发生急性排斥反应，这是一种可怕的并发症，也是同种异体移植物丢失的主要风险因素。为了保持同种异体移植物的健康，提供者仔细监测他们的患者以保持免疫抑制的充分性，以平衡排斥和感染的风险。监测方法因提供者和移植项目而异。通常，监测包括对同种异体移植物进行组织病理学活检和光镜检查以评估排斥反应，测量同种异体移植物功能（肾肌酐，肺肺功能测试，肝肝功能测试，心脏超声心动图），