Extracellular vesicles from plasma, other body fluids and cell culture media hold great promise in the search for biomarkers. Exosomes in particular, the vesicle type that is secreted after being produced in the endocytic pathway and having a diameter of 30–150 nm, are considered to be a conveyance for signaling molecules and, therefore, to hold valuable information regarding the health and activity status of the cells from which they are released. The vesicular nature of exosomes is central to all methods used to separate them from the highly abundant proteins in plasma and other fluids. The enrichment of the vesicles is essential for mass spectrometry-based analysis as they represent only a very small component of all plasma proteins. The progression of isolation techniques for exosomes from ultracentrifugation through chromatographic separation using hydrophobic packing materials shows that effective enrichment is possible and that high throughput approaches to exosome enrichment are achievable.

中文翻译：

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富集细胞外囊泡用于质谱分析

来自血浆、其他体液和细胞培养基的细胞外囊泡在寻找生物标志物方面具有广阔的前景。特别是外泌体，是在内吞途径中产生后分泌的直径为 30-150 nm 的囊泡类型，被认为是信号分子的载体，因此可以保存有关健康和活动状态的宝贵信息它们从中释放的细胞。外泌体的囊泡性质是所有用于将它们与血浆和其他液体中高丰度蛋白质分离的方法的核心。囊泡的富集对于基于质谱的分析至关重要，因为它们仅代表所有血浆蛋白的一小部分。