Antibiotics have a strong killing effect on bacteria and are the first choice for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infectious diseases. Therefore, they have been widely used in the medical field, animal husbandry and planting industry. However, with the massive use of antibiotics, more and more antibiotic-resistant bacteria (ARB) have emerged. Because human intestines are rich in nutrients, have suitable temperature, and are high in bacterial abundance, they can easily become a hotbed for the spread of ARB and antibiotic-resistant genes (ARGs). When opportunistic pathogenic bacteria in the intestine acquire ARGs, the infectious diseases caused by such opportunistic pathogens will become more difficult to treat, or even impossible to cure. Therefore, ARB in the human intestine are like a ‘time bomb’. In this review, we discuss the sources of intestinal ARB and the transmission routes of ARGs in the human intestine from the perspective of One Health. Further, we describe various methods to prevent the emergence of ARB and inhibit the spread of ARGs in the human intestine. Finally, we may be able to overcome ARB in the human intestine using an interdisciplinary ‘One Health’ approach.

中文翻译：

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人体肠道中的“定时炸弹”——耐抗生素细菌的多次出现和传播

抗生素对细菌有很强的杀灭作用，是防治细菌性传染病的首选。因此，它们被广泛应用于医疗领域、畜牧业和种植业。然而，随着抗生素的大量使用，越来越多的抗生素耐药菌（ARB）出现了。由于人体肠道营养丰富，温度适宜，细菌丰度高，很容易成为ARB和抗生素耐药基因（ARGs）传播的温床。当肠道内的条件致病菌获得ARGs后，由这些条件致病菌引起的感染性疾病将变得更难治疗，甚至无法治愈。因此，人体肠道中的 ARB 就像一颗“定时炸弹”。在本次审查中，我们从One Health的角度讨论肠道ARB的来源和ARGs在人体肠道中的传播途径。此外，我们描述了各种防止 ARB 出现和抑制 ARG 在人体肠道中传播的方法。最后，我们或许能够使用跨学科的“One Health”方法来克服人体肠道中的 ARB。