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Assessing countermeasures during a hepatitis A virus outbreak among men who have sex with men
Theoretical Biology and Medical Modelling ( IF 2.432 ) Pub Date : 2021-10-11 , DOI: 10.1186/s12976-021-00150-1
Ryohei Saito 1 , Akifumi Imamura 2 , Hiroshi Nishiura 1, 3
Affiliation  

A hepatitis A epidemic occurred among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Japan in 2017–2018. In this study, we employ a parsimonious mathematical model to epidemiologically investigate the dynamics of infection, aiming to evaluate the effectiveness of campaign-based interventions among MSM to raise awareness of the situation. A mathematical model describing a mixture of human-to-human transmission and environmental transmission was fitted to surveillance data. Taking seasonally varying environmental transmission into account, we estimated the reproduction number of hepatitis A virus during the course of epidemic, and, especially, the abrupt decline in this reproduction number following campaign-based interventions. The reproduction number prior to the countermeasures ranged from 2.6 to 3.1 and then began to decrease following campaign-based interventions. After the first countermeasure, the reproduction number decreased, but the epidemic remained supercritical (i.e., Rt > 1). The value of Rt dropped well below one following the second countermeasure, which used web articles to widely disseminate information about the epidemic risk. Although the effective reproduction number, Rt, changes because of both intrinsic and extrinsic factors, the timing of the examined countermeasures against hepatitis A in the MSM population was consistent with the abrupt declines observed in Rt. Even without vaccination, the epidemic was brought under control, and risky behaviors may have been changed by the increase in situation awareness reached through web articles.

中文翻译:

男男性行为者甲型肝炎病毒爆发期间的对策评估

2017-2018 年,日本男男性行为者 (MSM) 发生了甲型肝炎疫情。在这项研究中,我们采用简约的数学模型对感染的动态进行流行病学调查,旨在评估基于运动的干预措施在 MSM 中提高对这种情况的认识的有效性。一个描述人与人之间传播和环境传播混合的数学模型被拟合到监测数据中。考虑到季节性变化的环境传播,我们估计了甲型肝炎病毒在流行过程中的繁殖数量,特别是在基于运动的干预措施后该繁殖数量的突然下降。对策前的再生数为2.6~3。1,然后在基于运动的干预措施后开始下降。第一次对策后,繁殖数减少,但流行仍然超临界(即Rt > 1)。在第二个对策之后,Rt 的值远低于 1,该对策利用网络文章广泛传播有关流行病风险的信息。尽管有效繁殖数 Rt 由于内在和外在因素而发生变化,但 MSM 人群中针对甲型肝炎的检查对策的时间与 Rt 中观察到的突然下降是一致的。即使没有接种疫苗,疫情也得到了控制,通过网络文章提高了对形势的认识,可能已经改变了危险行为。但这种流行病仍然是超临界的(即 Rt > 1)。在第二个对策之后,Rt 的值远低于 1,该对策利用网络文章广泛传播有关流行病风险的信息。尽管有效繁殖数 Rt 由于内在和外在因素而发生变化,但 MSM 人群中针对甲型肝炎的检查对策的时间与 Rt 中观察到的突然下降是一致的。即使没有接种疫苗,疫情也得到了控制,通过网络文章提高了对形势的认识,可能已经改变了危险行为。但这种流行病仍然是超临界的(即 Rt > 1)。在第二个对策之后,Rt 的值远低于 1,该对策利用网络文章广泛传播有关流行病风险的信息。尽管有效繁殖数 Rt 由于内在和外在因素而发生变化,但 MSM 人群中针对甲型肝炎的检查对策的时间与 Rt 中观察到的突然下降是一致的。即使没有接种疫苗,疫情也得到了控制,通过网络文章提高了对形势的认识,可能已经改变了危险行为。尽管有效繁殖数 Rt 由于内在和外在因素而发生变化,但 MSM 人群中针对甲型肝炎的检查对策的时间与 Rt 中观察到的突然下降是一致的。即使没有接种疫苗,疫情也得到了控制,通过网络文章提高了对形势的认识,可能已经改变了危险行为。尽管有效繁殖数 Rt 由于内在和外在因素而发生变化,但 MSM 人群中针对甲型肝炎的检查对策的时间与 Rt 中观察到的突然下降是一致的。即使没有接种疫苗,疫情也得到了控制,通过网络文章提高了对形势的认识,可能已经改变了危险行为。
更新日期:2021-10-11
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