Testimonies of early Spanish chroniclers consistently emphasize the Athapaskan practice of long-distance trade with Pueblo communities aided by hundreds of pack dogs. Despite being the subject of numerous anthropological studies that focus generally on issues of social evolutionary trajectories leading up to European contact, we actually understand very little about how these regional exchange networks operated and the multi-species interactions and gendered labor requirements that made them possible. Using data derived from Spanish accounts, ethnographic information on the management of pack dogs, and modern studies of packing energetics, I model the number of dogs that would be required to sustain interregional trade under different packing conditions. Rather than focusing on the general dynamics of human behavior, this study highlights the details and mechanics of caring for large packs, the historical relationships between Apache women and their dogs, and the role of this partnership in Athapaskan migration and long-distance trade.

早期西班牙编年史家的证词一直强调 Athapaskan 在数百只驮狗的帮助下与普韦布洛社区进行长途贸易的做法。尽管是众多人类学研究的主题，这些研究通常关注导致欧洲接触的社会进化轨迹问题，但我们实际上对这些区域交换网络如何运作以及多物种相互作用和使它们成为可能的性别劳动力要求知之甚少。使用来自西班牙账户的数据、有关驮狗管理的人种学信息和现代包装能量学研究，我模拟了在不同包装条件下维持区域间贸易所需的狗数量。与其关注人类行为的一般动态，