Heat stress is a very universal stress event in recent years. Various lines of evidence in the past literatures indicate that gut microbiota composition is susceptible to variable temperature. A varied microbiota is necessary for optimal regulation of host signaling pathways and disrupting microbiota-host homeostasis that induces disease pathology. The microbiota–gut–brain axis involves an interactive mode of communication between the microbes colonizing the gut and brain function. This review summarizes the effects of heat stress on intestinal function and microbiota–gut–brain axis. Heat stress negatively affects intestinal immunity and barrier functions. Microbiota-gut-brain axis is involved in the homeostasis of the gut microbiota, at the same time, heat stress affects the metabolites of microbiota which could alter the function of microbiota–gut–brain axis. We aim to bridge the evidence that the microbiota is adapted to survive and thrive in an extreme environment. Additionally, nutritional strategies for alleviating intestinal heat stress are introduced.

热应激是近年来非常普遍的应激事件。过去文献中的各种证据表明，肠道微生物群的组成易受温度变化的影响。多样化的微生物群对于宿主信号通路的最佳调节和破坏诱导疾病病理的微生物群-宿主稳态是必要的。微生物群-肠道-大脑轴涉及定植肠道的微生物与大脑功能之间的交互交流模式。本综述总结了热应激对肠道功能和微生物群-肠-脑轴的影响。热应激会对肠道免疫和屏障功能产生负面影响。微生物群-肠-脑轴参与肠道微生物群的稳态，同时，热应激会影响微生物群的代谢产物，从而改变微生物群-肠-脑轴的功能。我们的目标是弥合微生物群适应在极端环境中生存和繁衍的证据。此外，还介绍了缓解肠道热应激的营养策略。