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Where association ends. A review of associative learning in invertebrates, plants and protista, and a reflection on its limits.
Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Learning and Cognition ( IF 1.2 ) Pub Date : 2021-07-01 , DOI: 10.1037/xan0000306
Ignacio Loy 1 , Susana Carnero-Sierra 1 , Félix Acebes 1 , Judit Muñiz-Moreno 1 , Clara Muñiz-Diez 1 , José-Carlos Sánchez-González 1
Affiliation  

Since the beginning of the 21st century, the Minimal Cognition approach has emerged vigorously, focusing on the study of the adaptive behavior of the simplest organisms, including bacteria, assuming that they are sentient and information-processing entities. Although Minimal Cognition has occasionally used Pavlovian methods to try to demonstrate Associative Learning, neither the Psychology of Learning nor the Comparative Psychology traditions are prominent in the movement. However, the Psychology of Learning approach, with its highly sophisticated experimental designs, has done a great deal of research on Associative Learning in animals and carried out several studies on plants and unicellular organisms. The present work offers a comprehensive review of these experimental results, among invertebrates, plants and unicellular organisms (paramecia and the amoeba Physarum policephalum) showing that, while there are increasing instances of Associative Learning in many invertebrate phyla (and also many phyla with no data) there is no adequate evidence of it in unicellular protists (despite more than a century of experiments with paramecia and amoeba) or in plants (despite recent results that so claim). We then consider the alternative offered by Minimal Cognition and suggest some complementary ideas, from a Comparative Developmental Psychology approach, which we call "Minimal Development." (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译:

关联结束的地方。回顾无脊椎动物、植物和原生生物的联想学习,并反思其局限性。

进入 21 世纪以来,最小认知方法蓬勃发展,专注于研究包括细菌在内的最简单生物的适应性行为,假设它们是有知觉和信息处理的实体。尽管极简认知偶尔使用巴甫洛夫方法来尝试证明联想学习,但学习心理学和比较心理学传统都没有在运动中突出。然而,学习心理学方法以其高度复杂的实验设计,对动物的联想学习进行了大量研究,并对植物和单细胞生物进行了多项研究。目前的工作对这些实验结果进行了全面回顾,包括无脊椎动物、植物和单细胞生物(草履虫和变形虫 Physarum policephalum)表明,虽然在许多无脊椎动物门(以及许多没有数据的门)中联想学习的实例越来越多,但在单细胞原生生物中没有足够的证据(尽管超过一个世纪的草履虫和变形虫实验)或植物实验(尽管最近的结果如此声称)。然后,我们考虑最小认知提供的替代方案,并从比较发展心理学的方法中提出一些互补的想法,我们称之为“最小发展”。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。虽然在许多无脊椎动物门(以及许多没有数据的门)中联想学习的实例越来越多,但在单细胞原生生物(尽管对草履虫和变形虫进行了一个多世纪的实验)或植物(尽管最近结果如此声称)。然后,我们考虑最小认知提供的替代方案,并从比较发展心理学的方法中提出一些互补的想法,我们称之为“最小发展”。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。虽然在许多无脊椎动物门(以及许多没有数据的门)中联想学习的实例越来越多,但在单细胞原生生物(尽管对草履虫和变形虫进行了一个多世纪的实验)或植物(尽管最近结果如此声称)。然后,我们考虑最小认知提供的替代方案,并从比较发展心理学的方法中提出一些互补的想法,我们称之为“最小发展”。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。来自比较发展心理学方法,我们称之为“最小发展”。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。来自比较发展心理学方法,我们称之为“最小发展”。(PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA,保留所有权利)。
更新日期:2021-07-01
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