Cytokine theory of depression proposes that increased baseline inflammatory activity may accumulate over time and lead to future major depressive disorder (MDD). However, most research conducted on this topic has been cross-sectional and examined between- (vs. within-) persons and symptom severity (vs. diagnosis). Therefore, we tested if elevated inflammatory activity at Time 1 (T1) would predict future within-person 9-year change in MDD diagnosis. Community-dwelling adults (n = 945) participated in the Midlife Development in the United States (MIDUS) study. T1 and Time 2 (T2) MDD status was assessed using the Composite International Diagnostic Interview-Short Form, and markers of inflammatory activity at T1 were measured (e.g., levels of serum interleukin-6 [IL-6], C-reactive protein [CRP], fibrinogen). Latent change score modeling was conducted. Higher T1 IL-6, CRP, and fibrinogen levels of inflammatory activity predicted T1-T2 development/relapse of MDD within persons. This effect occurred more strongly among women (vs. men; d = .149 vs. .042), younger (vs. older) adults (d = .137 vs. .119), persons with more (vs. less) chronic health issues (d = .133 vs. .065), low- (vs. middle- or high-) income earners (d = .161 vs. .050), and persons with more (vs. less) frequent childhood trauma (d = .156 vs. .017). Findings aligned with expanded cytokine theories, which posit that the impact of increased T1 inflammatory activity on future change in MDD status will be larger for subgroups vulnerable to increased stress exposure. Cognitive-behavioral or pharmacological approaches to reduce markers of inflammatory activity may prevent development/relapse of MDD. General Scientific Summary: Increased C-reactive protein (CRP), fibrinogen, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels predicted 9-year major depressive disorder (MDD) diagnostic status change more strongly in younger than older adults, women but not men, those with low (vs. high) income, as well as persons with high (vs. low) childhood trauma frequency and number of chronic illnesses. Findings aligned with expanded cytokine theories (e.g., social signal transduction theory of depression), which posit that markers of inflammatory activity predict future change in MDD status especially for populations vulnerable to heightened, chronic, and long-term exposure to environmental stressors. Continued efforts to empirically test expanded cytokine theories of depression may improve delineation of patterns of health disparities and facilitate effective measures to prevent the onset or recurrence of MDD. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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炎症的增加预示着重度抑郁症诊断状态将发生九年的变化。

抑郁症的细胞因子理论提出，基线炎症活动的增加可能会随着时间的推移而积累，并导致未来的重度抑郁症 (MDD)。然而，大多数关于这个主题的研究都是横断面的，并检查了人与人之间（与内部）和症状严重程度（与诊断）。因此，我们测试了时间 1 (T1) 时炎症活动的升高是否可以预测未来 9 年内 MDD 诊断的变化。居住在社区的成年人 (n = 945) 参与了美国中年发展 (MIDUS) 研究。使用综合国际诊断访谈简表评估 T1 和时间 2 (T2) MDD 状态，并测量 T1 时炎症活动的标志物（例如血清白细胞介素 6 [IL-6]、C 反应蛋白 [IL-6] 水平）。 CRP]、纤维蛋白原）。进行了潜在变化评分建模。T1 IL-6、CRP 和纤维蛋白原炎症活性水平较高可预测人体内 MDD 的 T1-T2 发展/复发。这种效应在女性（相对于男性；d = 0.149 相对于 0.042）、年轻（相对于老年人）成年人（d = 0.137 相对于 0.119）、患有较多（相对于较少）慢性病的人中更为强烈。问题（d = .133 与 .065）、低（与中或高）收入者（d = .161 与 .050）以及童年创伤频繁（与较少）的人（d = .156 与 .017)。研究结果与扩展的细胞因子理论相一致，该理论认为，对于易受压力增加影响的亚群来说，T1 炎症活动增加对 MDD 状态未来变化的影响更大。减少炎症活动标志物的认知行为或药理学方法可能会预防 MDD 的发生/复发。一般科学摘要：C 反应蛋白 (CRP)、纤维蛋白原和白细胞介素 6 (IL-6) 水平升高预示着年轻人比老年人、女性而非男性的 9 年重度抑郁症 (MDD) 诊断状态变化更强烈、低（与高）收入的人，以及童年创伤频率高（与低）和慢性疾病数量的人。研究结果与扩展的细胞因子理论（例如抑郁症的社会信号转导理论）一致，该理论认为炎症活动的标志物可以预测 MDD 状态的未来变化，特别是对于易受高度、慢性和长期暴露于环境压力源的人群而言。继续努力对抑郁症的扩展细胞因子理论进行实证检验可能会改善对健康差异模式的描述，并促进采取有效措施来预防抑郁症的发作或复发。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 (c) 2021 APA，保留所有权利）。