Abstract

The rear-facing seat has become a potential seating configuration for the future autonomous vehicle, therefore the potential injury risk of a rear-facing occupant merits further investigation not only for adults, but also for children. The objectives of this study were to compare the child occupant injury risk on specific body regions in frontal and rear impact, and to investigate the effect of those crash conditions and occupant related factors on the occupant injury risk. Data from the NASS–CDS and CISS were studied for crashes during 2000–2019 involving model year 2000–2020 motor vehicles, including frontal and rear–end collision. The injury risk by specific body regions were compared by descriptive statistics. Logistic regression models were developed to examine the effects of various factors on injury risk, controlling for crash type (frontal impact and rear impact), vehicle impact speed, vehicle impact location, vehicle model year, and occupant gender, age, restraint use, and seating position. After controlling for the confounding factors, the children age 3–17 had higher injury risk than infant and toddler (age 0–2) (at MAIS 2+, OR 8.71, p < 0.001). The child occupant injury risk was higher in frontal impact than in rear impact (at MAIS 2+, OR 4.96, p < 0.001), especially for children age 3–17 with the exception of the MAIS 1+ neck/spine injury risk. This study provided child injury risk references for current vehicle which may provide insight to the potential injury risk of rear-facing child occupant in future vehicle configurations.

摘要

后向座椅已成为未来自动驾驶汽车的潜在座椅配置，因此后向乘员的潜在伤害风险值得进一步调查，不仅针对成人，也针对儿童。本研究的目的是比较儿童乘员在正面和后方碰撞中特定身体区域的受伤风险，并调查这些碰撞条件和乘员相关因素对乘员受伤风险的影响。来自 NASS-CDS 和 CISS 的数据研究了 2000-2019 年涉及 2000-2020 年款汽车的碰撞，包括正面和后端碰撞。通过描述性统计比较特定身体区域的伤害风险。开发了逻辑回归模型来检查各种因素对伤害风险的影响，控制碰撞类型（正面碰撞和背面碰撞）、车辆碰撞速度、车辆碰撞位置、车型年份以及乘员性别、年龄、约束使用和座椅位置。控制混杂因素后，3-17 岁儿童的受伤风险高于婴幼儿（0-2 岁）（MAIS 2+，OR 8.71，p  < 0.001)。正面碰撞中的儿童乘员受伤风险高于后方碰撞（MAIS 2+，OR 4.96，p  < 0.001），特别是对于 3-17 岁的儿童，除了 MAIS 1+ 颈部/脊柱受伤风险。本研究为当前车辆提供了儿童伤害风险参考，可以深入了解未来车辆配置中后向儿童乘员的潜在伤害风险。