Plants adjust amplitude and duration of immune responses via different strategies to maintain growth, development, and resistance to pathogens. Pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP)-triggered immunity (PTI) and effector-triggered immunity (ETI) play vital roles. Pattern recognition receptors, comprising a large number of receptor-like protein kinases and receptor-like proteins, recognize related ligands and trigger immunity. PTI is the first layer of the innate immune system, and it recognizes PAMPs at the plasma membrane to prevent infection. However, pathogens exploit effector proteins to bypass or directly inhibit the PTI immune pathway. Consistently, plants have evolved intracellular nucleotide-binding domain and leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins to detect pathogenic effectors and trigger a hypersensitive response to activate ETI. PTI and ETI work together to protect plants from infection by viruses and other pathogens. Diverse receptors and the corresponding ligands, especially several pairs of well-studied receptors and ligands in PTI immunity, are reviewed to illustrate the dynamic process of PTI response here.

Copyright © 2021 The Author(s). This is an open access article distributed under the CC BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license.

植物通过不同的策略调整免疫反应的幅度和持续时间，以维持生长、发育和对病原体的抵抗力。病原体相关分子模式 (PAMP) 触发的免疫 (PTI) 和效应器触发的免疫 (ETI) 起着至关重要的作用。模式识别受体，包括大量的受体样蛋白激酶和受体样蛋白，识别相关配体并触发免疫。PTI 是先天免疫系统的第一层，它识别质膜上的 PAMP 以防止感染。然而，病原体利用效应蛋白绕过或直接抑制 PTI 免疫途径。一致地，植物已经进化出细胞内核苷酸结合域和富含亮氨酸重复序列的蛋白质，以检测致病效应物并触发过敏反应以激活 ETI。PTI 和 ETI 共同保护植物免受病毒和其他病原体的感染。本文综述了不同的受体和相应的配体，特别是 PTI 免疫中几对经过充分研究的受体和配体，以说明 PTI 反应的动态过程。

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