Bacterial community structure and dynamics in anaerobic digesters are primarily influenced by feedstock composition. It is therefore important to unveil microbial traits that explain microbiome variations in response to substrate changes. Here, gene and genome-centric metagenomics were used to examine microbiome dynamics in four laboratory-scale reactors, in which sewage sludge was co-digested with increasing amounts of food waste. A co-occurrence network revealed microbiome shifts in response to changes in substrate composition and concentration. Food waste concentration correlated with extracellular enzymes and metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs) involved in the degradation of complex carbohydrates commonly found in fruits and plant cell walls as well as with the abundance of hydrolytic MAGs. A key role was attributed to Proteiniphillum for being the only bacteria that encoded the complete pectin degradation pathway. These results suggest that changes of feedstock composition establish new microbial niches for bacteria with the capacity to degrade newly added substrates.

厌氧消化器中的细菌群落结构和动态主要受原料组成的影响。因此，揭示微生物特征很重要，这些特征可以解释微生物组因底物变化而发生的变化。在这里，基因和以基因组为中心的宏基因组学被用于检查四个实验室规模的反应器中的微生物组动态，其中污水污泥与越来越多的食物垃圾共同消化。一个共现网络揭示了微生物组随着底物组成和浓度的变化而变化。食物垃圾浓度与细胞外酶和宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 相关，这些酶和宏基因组组装基因组 (MAG) 涉及水果和植物细胞壁中常见的复杂碳水化合物的降解，以及水解 MAG 的丰度。关键作用归因于Proteiniphillum是唯一编码完整果胶降解途径的细菌。这些结果表明，原料组成的变化为具有降解新添加底物的能力的细菌建立了新的微生物生态位。