ABSTRACT

Introduction

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the sixth most common cancer and the third-leading cause of cancer-related mortality in the world.

Areas covered

This review will discuss risk factors, demographic differences, global trends, and the economic burden of HCC. Viral hepatitis, particularly hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, is the most common underlying liver disease leading to HCC in those with cirrhosis. Other important risk factors include alcoholic liver disease, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, metabolic syndrome, etc. With the introduction of direct-acting antiviral agents for hepatitis C virus infection, routine vaccination against HBV, and increasing support for robust public screening programs, the incidence rates for HCC due to viral hepatitis is falling in many countries. Meanwhile, the prevalence of obesity and metabolic syndrome are on the rise, as is NAFLD-related HCC incidence. Asia and Africa have the highest incidence rates of HCC. In multiethnic countries, racial and ethnic minorities experience disparities in HCC incidence as well as mortality, representing an essential area for improvement in terms of healthcare inequity.

Expert opinion

Interventions to minimize the global burden of HCC aim to reduce rates of the most common risk factors and implement effective treatment of underlying etiology and comprehensive screening programs for HCC.

中文翻译：

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肝细胞癌的当前流行病学

摘要

介绍

肝细胞癌 (HCC) 是世界上第六大最常见的癌症，也是导致癌症相关死亡的第三大原因。

涵盖的领域

本综述将讨论风险因素、人口统计学差异、全球趋势和 HCC 的经济负担。病毒性肝炎，尤其是乙型肝炎病毒 (HBV) 感染，是肝硬化患者最常见的导致 HCC 的潜在肝病。其他重要的风险因素包括酒精性肝病、非酒精性脂肪性肝病、代谢综合征等。随着针对丙型肝炎病毒感染的直接抗病毒药物的引入、针对 HBV 的常规疫苗接种以及对强有力的公共筛查计划的越来越多的支持，发病率在许多国家，病毒性肝炎导致的 HCC 发病率正在下降。与此同时，肥胖和代谢综合征的患病率正在上升，与 NAFLD 相关的 HCC 发病率也在上升。亚洲和非洲的 HCC 发病率最高。在多民族国家，

专家意见

旨在最大程度降低全球 HCC 负担的干预措施旨在降低最常见风险因素的发生率，并对潜在病因实施有效治疗，并实施 HCC 综合筛查计划。